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Tracing

Powertools for AWS Lambda (.NET) tracing is an opinionated thin wrapper for AWS X-Ray .NET SDK a provides functionality to reduce the overhead of performing common tracing tasks.

Tracing showcase

Key Features

  • Helper methods to improve the developer experience for creating custom AWS X-Ray subsegments.
  • Capture cold start as annotation.
  • Capture function responses and full exceptions as metadata.
  • Better experience when developing with multiple threads.
  • Auto-patch supported modules by AWS X-Ray
  • Auto-disable when not running in AWS Lambda environment
  • Ahead-of-Time compilation to native code support AOT from version 1.5.0

Installation

Powertools for AWS Lambda (.NET) are available as NuGet packages. You can install the packages from NuGet Gallery or from Visual Studio editor by searching AWS.Lambda.Powertools* to see various utilities available.

Getting Started

Tracer relies on AWS X-Ray SDK over OpenTelememetry Distro (ADOT) for optimal cold start (lower latency).

Before you use this utility, your AWS Lambda function must have permissions to send traces to AWS X-Ray.

To enable active tracing on an AWS Serverless Application Model (AWS SAM) AWS::Serverless::Function resource, use the Tracing property. You can use the Globals section of the AWS SAM template to set this for all

Using AWS Serverless Application Model (AWS SAM)

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Resources:
    HelloWorldFunction:
        Type: AWS::Serverless::Function
        Properties:
        ...
        Runtime: dotnet6.0

        Tracing: Active
        Environment:
            Variables:
                POWERTOOLS_SERVICE_NAME: example

The Powertools for AWS Lambda (.NET) service name is used as the X-Ray namespace. This can be set using the environment variable POWERTOOLS_SERVICE_NAME

Full list of environment variables

Environment variable Description Default
POWERTOOLS_SERVICE_NAME Sets service name used for tracing namespace, metrics dimension and structured logging "service_undefined"
POWERTOOLS_TRACE_DISABLED Disables tracing false
POWERTOOLS_TRACER_CAPTURE_RESPONSE Captures Lambda or method return as metadata. true
POWERTOOLS_TRACER_CAPTURE_ERROR Captures Lambda or method exception as metadata. true

Lambda handler

To enable Powertools for AWS Lambda (.NET) tracing to your function add the [Tracing] attribute to your FunctionHandler method or on any method will capture the method as a separate subsegment automatically. You can optionally choose to customize segment name that appears in traces.

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public class Function
{
    [Tracing]
    public async Task<APIGatewayProxyResponse> FunctionHandler
        (APIGatewayProxyRequest apigProxyEvent, ILambdaContext context)
    {
        await BusinessLogic1()
            .ConfigureAwait(false);

        await BusinessLogic2()
            .ConfigureAwait(false);
    }

    [Tracing]
    private async Task BusinessLogic1()
    {

    }

    [Tracing]
    private async Task BusinessLogic2()
    {

    }
}

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public class Function
{
    [Tracing(SegmentName = "YourCustomName")]
    public async Task<APIGatewayProxyResponse> FunctionHandler
        (APIGatewayProxyRequest apigProxyEvent, ILambdaContext context)
    {
        ...
    }
}

By default, this attribute will automatically record method responses and exceptions. You can change the default behavior by setting the environment variables POWERTOOLS_TRACER_CAPTURE_RESPONSE and POWERTOOLS_TRACER_CAPTURE_ERROR as needed. Optionally, you can override behavior by different supported CaptureMode to record response, exception or both.

Returning sensitive information from your Lambda handler or functions, where Tracing is used?

You can disable attribute from capturing their responses and exception as tracing metadata with captureMode=DISABLED or globally by setting environment variables POWERTOOLS_TRACER_CAPTURE_RESPONSE and POWERTOOLS_TRACER_CAPTURE_ERROR to false

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public class Function
{
    [Tracing(CaptureMode = TracingCaptureMode.Disabled)]
    public async Task<APIGatewayProxyResponse> FunctionHandler
        (APIGatewayProxyRequest apigProxyEvent, ILambdaContext context)
    {
        ...
    }
}

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Resources:
    HelloWorldFunction:
        Type: AWS::Serverless::Function
        Properties:
        ...
        Runtime: dotnetcore3.1

        Tracing: Active
        Environment:
            Variables:
                POWERTOOLS_TRACER_CAPTURE_RESPONSE: false
                POWERTOOLS_TRACER_CAPTURE_ERROR: false

Annotations & Metadata

Annotations are key-values associated with traces and indexed by AWS X-Ray. You can use them to filter traces and to create Trace Groups to slice and dice your transactions.

Metadata are key-values also associated with traces but not indexed by AWS X-Ray. You can use them to add additional context for an operation using any native object.

You can add annotations using AddAnnotation() method from Tracing 

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using AWS.Lambda.Powertools.Tracing;

public class Function
{
    [Tracing]
    public async Task<APIGatewayProxyResponse> FunctionHandler
        (APIGatewayProxyRequest apigProxyEvent, ILambdaContext context)
    {
        Tracing.AddAnnotation("annotation", "value");
    }
}

You can add metadata using AddMetadata() method from Tracing 

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using AWS.Lambda.Powertools.Tracing;

public class Function
{
    [Tracing]
    public async Task<APIGatewayProxyResponse> FunctionHandler
        (APIGatewayProxyRequest apigProxyEvent, ILambdaContext context)
    {
        Tracing.AddMetadata("content", "value");
    }
}

Utilities

Tracing modules comes with certain utility method when you don't want to use attribute for capturing a code block under a subsegment, or you are doing multithreaded programming. Refer examples below.

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using AWS.Lambda.Powertools.Tracing;

public class Function
{
    public async Task<APIGatewayProxyResponse> FunctionHandler
        (APIGatewayProxyRequest apigProxyEvent, ILambdaContext context)
    {
        Tracing.WithSubsegment("loggingResponse", (subsegment) => {
            // Some business logic
        });

        Tracing.WithSubsegment("localNamespace", "loggingResponse", (subsegment) => {
            // Some business logic
        });
    }
}

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using AWS.Lambda.Powertools.Tracing;

public class Function
{
    public async Task<APIGatewayProxyResponse> FunctionHandler
        (APIGatewayProxyRequest apigProxyEvent, ILambdaContext context)
    {
        // Extract existing trace data
        var entity = Tracing.GetEntity();

        var task = Task.Run(() =>
        {
            Tracing.WithSubsegment("InlineLog", entity, (subsegment) =>
            {
                // Business logic in separate task
            });
        });
    }
}

Instrumenting SDK clients

You should make sure to instrument the SDK clients explicitly based on the function dependency. You can instrument all of your AWS SDK for .NET clients by calling RegisterForAllServices before you create them.

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using Amazon.DynamoDBv2;
using Amazon.DynamoDBv2.Model;
using AWS.Lambda.Powertools.Tracing;

public class Function
{
    private static IAmazonDynamoDB _dynamoDb;

    /// <summary>
    /// Function constructor
    /// </summary>
    public Function()
    {
        Tracing.RegisterForAllServices();

        _dynamoDb = new AmazonDynamoDBClient();
    }
}

To instrument clients for some services and not others, call Register instead of RegisterForAllServices. Replace the highlighted text with the name of the service's client interface.

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Tracing.Register<IAmazonDynamoDB>()

This functionality is a thin wrapper for AWS X-Ray .NET SDK. Refer details on how to instrument SDK client with Xray

Instrumenting outgoing HTTP calls

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using Amazon.XRay.Recorder.Handlers.System.Net;

public class Function
{
    public Function()
    {
        var httpClient = new HttpClient(new HttpClientXRayTracingHandler(new HttpClientHandler()));
        var myIp = await httpClient.GetStringAsync("https://checkip.amazonaws.com/");
    }
}

More information about instrumenting outgoing http calls.

AOT Support

Native AOT trims your application code as part of the compilation to ensure that the binary is as small as possible. .NET 8 for Lambda provides improved trimming support compared to previous versions of .NET.

WithTracing()

To use Tracing utility with AOT support you first need to add WithTracing() to the source generator you are using either the default SourceGeneratorLambdaJsonSerializer or the Powertools Logging utility source generator PowertoolsSourceGeneratorSerializer.

Examples:

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using AWS.Lambda.Powertools.Tracing;
using AWS.Lambda.Powertools.Tracing.Serializers;

private static async Task Main()
{
    Func<string, ILambdaContext, string> handler = FunctionHandler;
    await LambdaBootstrapBuilder.Create(handler, new SourceGeneratorLambdaJsonSerializer<LambdaFunctionJsonSerializerContext>()
    .WithTracing())
        .Build()
        .RunAsync();
}

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using AWS.Lambda.Powertools.Logging;
using AWS.Lambda.Powertools.Logging.Serializers;
using AWS.Lambda.Powertools.Tracing;
using AWS.Lambda.Powertools.Tracing.Serializers;

private static async Task Main()
{
    Func<string, ILambdaContext, string> handler = FunctionHandler;
    await LambdaBootstrapBuilder.Create(handler, 
        new PowertoolsSourceGeneratorSerializer<LambdaFunctionJsonSerializerContext>()
        .WithTracing())
            .Build()
            .RunAsync();
}

Publishing

Publishing

Make sure you are publishing your code with --self-contained true and that you have <TrimMode>partial</TrimMode> in your .csproj file

Trimming

Trim warnings

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<ItemGroup>
    <TrimmerRootAssembly Include="AWSSDK.Core" />
    <TrimmerRootAssembly Include="AWSXRayRecorder.Core" />
    <TrimmerRootAssembly Include="AWSXRayRecorder.Handlers.AwsSdk" />
    <TrimmerRootAssembly Include="Amazon.Lambda.APIGatewayEvents" />
    <TrimmerRootAssembly Include="bootstrap" />
    <TrimmerRootAssembly Include="Shared" />
</ItemGroup>

Note that when you receive a trim warning, adding the class that generates the warning to TrimmerRootAssembly might not resolve the issue. A trim warning indicates that the class is trying to access some other class that can't be determined until runtime. To avoid runtime errors, add this second class to TrimmerRootAssembly.

To learn more about managing trim warnings, see Introduction to trim warnings in the Microsoft .NET documentation.

Not supported

Not supported

Currently instrumenting SDK clients with Tracing.RegisterForAllServices() is not supported on AOT mode.