Module `aws_lambda_powertools.utilities.parser`

Advanced event_parser utility

Sub-modules

aws_lambda_powertools.utilities.parser.envelopes
aws_lambda_powertools.utilities.parser.exceptions
aws_lambda_powertools.utilities.parser.functions
aws_lambda_powertools.utilities.parser.models
aws_lambda_powertools.utilities.parser.parser: The Parser utility simplifies data parsing and validation using Pydantic. It allows you to define data models in pure Python classes, parse and …
aws_lambda_powertools.utilities.parser.types: Generics and other shared types used across parser

Functions

def Field(default: Any = PydanticUndefined, *, default_factory: Callable[[], Any] | Callable[[dict[str, Any]], Any] | None = PydanticUndefined, alias: str | None = PydanticUndefined, alias_priority: int | None = PydanticUndefined, validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None = PydanticUndefined, serialization_alias: str | None = PydanticUndefined, title: str | None = PydanticUndefined, field_title_generator: Callable[[str, FieldInfo], str] | None = PydanticUndefined, description: str | None = PydanticUndefined, examples: list[Any] | None = PydanticUndefined, exclude: bool | None = PydanticUndefined, discriminator: str | types.Discriminator | None = PydanticUndefined, deprecated: Deprecated | str | bool | None = PydanticUndefined, json_schema_extra: JsonDict | Callable[[JsonDict], None] | None = PydanticUndefined, frozen: bool | None = PydanticUndefined, validate_default: bool | None = PydanticUndefined, repr: bool = PydanticUndefined, init: bool | None = PydanticUndefined, init_var: bool | None = PydanticUndefined, kw_only: bool | None = PydanticUndefined, pattern: str | typing.Pattern[str] | None = PydanticUndefined, strict: bool | None = PydanticUndefined, coerce_numbers_to_str: bool | None = PydanticUndefined, gt: annotated_types.SupportsGt | None = PydanticUndefined, ge: annotated_types.SupportsGe | None = PydanticUndefined, lt: annotated_types.SupportsLt | None = PydanticUndefined, le: annotated_types.SupportsLe | None = PydanticUndefined, multiple_of: float | None = PydanticUndefined, allow_inf_nan: bool | None = PydanticUndefined, max_digits: int | None = PydanticUndefined, decimal_places: int | None = PydanticUndefined, min_length: int | None = PydanticUndefined, max_length: int | None = PydanticUndefined, union_mode: "Literal['smart', 'left_to_right']" = PydanticUndefined, fail_fast: bool | None = PydanticUndefined, **extra: Unpack[_EmptyKwargs]) ‑> Any

Expand source code

def Field(  # noqa: C901
    default: Any = PydanticUndefined,
    *,
    default_factory: Callable[[], Any] | Callable[[dict[str, Any]], Any] | None = _Unset,
    alias: str | None = _Unset,
    alias_priority: int | None = _Unset,
    validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None = _Unset,
    serialization_alias: str | None = _Unset,
    title: str | None = _Unset,
    field_title_generator: Callable[[str, FieldInfo], str] | None = _Unset,
    description: str | None = _Unset,
    examples: list[Any] | None = _Unset,
    exclude: bool | None = _Unset,
    discriminator: str | types.Discriminator | None = _Unset,
    deprecated: Deprecated | str | bool | None = _Unset,
    json_schema_extra: JsonDict | Callable[[JsonDict], None] | None = _Unset,
    frozen: bool | None = _Unset,
    validate_default: bool | None = _Unset,
    repr: bool = _Unset,
    init: bool | None = _Unset,
    init_var: bool | None = _Unset,
    kw_only: bool | None = _Unset,
    pattern: str | typing.Pattern[str] | None = _Unset,
    strict: bool | None = _Unset,
    coerce_numbers_to_str: bool | None = _Unset,
    gt: annotated_types.SupportsGt | None = _Unset,
    ge: annotated_types.SupportsGe | None = _Unset,
    lt: annotated_types.SupportsLt | None = _Unset,
    le: annotated_types.SupportsLe | None = _Unset,
    multiple_of: float | None = _Unset,
    allow_inf_nan: bool | None = _Unset,
    max_digits: int | None = _Unset,
    decimal_places: int | None = _Unset,
    min_length: int | None = _Unset,
    max_length: int | None = _Unset,
    union_mode: Literal['smart', 'left_to_right'] = _Unset,
    fail_fast: bool | None = _Unset,
    **extra: Unpack[_EmptyKwargs],
) -> Any:
    """Usage docs: https://docs.pydantic.dev/2.10/concepts/fields

    Create a field for objects that can be configured.

    Used to provide extra information about a field, either for the model schema or complex validation. Some arguments
    apply only to number fields (`int`, `float`, `Decimal`) and some apply only to `str`.

    Note:
        - Any `_Unset` objects will be replaced by the corresponding value defined in the `_DefaultValues` dictionary. If a key for the `_Unset` object is not found in the `_DefaultValues` dictionary, it will default to `None`

    Args:
        default: Default value if the field is not set.
        default_factory: A callable to generate the default value. The callable can either take 0 arguments
            (in which case it is called as is) or a single argument containing the already validated data.
        alias: The name to use for the attribute when validating or serializing by alias.
            This is often used for things like converting between snake and camel case.
        alias_priority: Priority of the alias. This affects whether an alias generator is used.
        validation_alias: Like `alias`, but only affects validation, not serialization.
        serialization_alias: Like `alias`, but only affects serialization, not validation.
        title: Human-readable title.
        field_title_generator: A callable that takes a field name and returns title for it.
        description: Human-readable description.
        examples: Example values for this field.
        exclude: Whether to exclude the field from the model serialization.
        discriminator: Field name or Discriminator for discriminating the type in a tagged union.
        deprecated: A deprecation message, an instance of `warnings.deprecated` or the `typing_extensions.deprecated` backport,
            or a boolean. If `True`, a default deprecation message will be emitted when accessing the field.
        json_schema_extra: A dict or callable to provide extra JSON schema properties.
        frozen: Whether the field is frozen. If true, attempts to change the value on an instance will raise an error.
        validate_default: If `True`, apply validation to the default value every time you create an instance.
            Otherwise, for performance reasons, the default value of the field is trusted and not validated.
        repr: A boolean indicating whether to include the field in the `__repr__` output.
        init: Whether the field should be included in the constructor of the dataclass.
            (Only applies to dataclasses.)
        init_var: Whether the field should _only_ be included in the constructor of the dataclass.
            (Only applies to dataclasses.)
        kw_only: Whether the field should be a keyword-only argument in the constructor of the dataclass.
            (Only applies to dataclasses.)
        coerce_numbers_to_str: Whether to enable coercion of any `Number` type to `str` (not applicable in `strict` mode).
        strict: If `True`, strict validation is applied to the field.
            See [Strict Mode](../concepts/strict_mode.md) for details.
        gt: Greater than. If set, value must be greater than this. Only applicable to numbers.
        ge: Greater than or equal. If set, value must be greater than or equal to this. Only applicable to numbers.
        lt: Less than. If set, value must be less than this. Only applicable to numbers.
        le: Less than or equal. If set, value must be less than or equal to this. Only applicable to numbers.
        multiple_of: Value must be a multiple of this. Only applicable to numbers.
        min_length: Minimum length for iterables.
        max_length: Maximum length for iterables.
        pattern: Pattern for strings (a regular expression).
        allow_inf_nan: Allow `inf`, `-inf`, `nan`. Only applicable to numbers.
        max_digits: Maximum number of allow digits for strings.
        decimal_places: Maximum number of decimal places allowed for numbers.
        union_mode: The strategy to apply when validating a union. Can be `smart` (the default), or `left_to_right`.
            See [Union Mode](../concepts/unions.md#union-modes) for details.
        fail_fast: If `True`, validation will stop on the first error. If `False`, all validation errors will be collected.
            This option can be applied only to iterable types (list, tuple, set, and frozenset).
        extra: (Deprecated) Extra fields that will be included in the JSON schema.

            !!! warning Deprecated
                The `extra` kwargs is deprecated. Use `json_schema_extra` instead.

    Returns:
        A new [`FieldInfo`][pydantic.fields.FieldInfo]. The return annotation is `Any` so `Field` can be used on
            type-annotated fields without causing a type error.
    """
    # Check deprecated and removed params from V1. This logic should eventually be removed.
    const = extra.pop('const', None)  # type: ignore
    if const is not None:
        raise PydanticUserError('`const` is removed, use `Literal` instead', code='removed-kwargs')

    min_items = extra.pop('min_items', None)  # type: ignore
    if min_items is not None:
        warn('`min_items` is deprecated and will be removed, use `min_length` instead', DeprecationWarning)
        if min_length in (None, _Unset):
            min_length = min_items  # type: ignore

    max_items = extra.pop('max_items', None)  # type: ignore
    if max_items is not None:
        warn('`max_items` is deprecated and will be removed, use `max_length` instead', DeprecationWarning)
        if max_length in (None, _Unset):
            max_length = max_items  # type: ignore

    unique_items = extra.pop('unique_items', None)  # type: ignore
    if unique_items is not None:
        raise PydanticUserError(
            (
                '`unique_items` is removed, use `Set` instead'
                '(this feature is discussed in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/issues/296)'
            ),
            code='removed-kwargs',
        )

    allow_mutation = extra.pop('allow_mutation', None)  # type: ignore
    if allow_mutation is not None:
        warn('`allow_mutation` is deprecated and will be removed. use `frozen` instead', DeprecationWarning)
        if allow_mutation is False:
            frozen = True

    regex = extra.pop('regex', None)  # type: ignore
    if regex is not None:
        raise PydanticUserError('`regex` is removed. use `pattern` instead', code='removed-kwargs')

    if extra:
        warn(
            'Using extra keyword arguments on `Field` is deprecated and will be removed.'
            ' Use `json_schema_extra` instead.'
            f' (Extra keys: {", ".join(k.__repr__() for k in extra.keys())})',
            DeprecationWarning,
        )
        if not json_schema_extra or json_schema_extra is _Unset:
            json_schema_extra = extra  # type: ignore

    if (
        validation_alias
        and validation_alias is not _Unset
        and not isinstance(validation_alias, (str, AliasChoices, AliasPath))
    ):
        raise TypeError('Invalid `validation_alias` type. it should be `str`, `AliasChoices`, or `AliasPath`')

    if serialization_alias in (_Unset, None) and isinstance(alias, str):
        serialization_alias = alias

    if validation_alias in (_Unset, None):
        validation_alias = alias

    include = extra.pop('include', None)  # type: ignore
    if include is not None:
        warn('`include` is deprecated and does nothing. It will be removed, use `exclude` instead', DeprecationWarning)

    return FieldInfo.from_field(
        default,
        default_factory=default_factory,
        alias=alias,
        alias_priority=alias_priority,
        validation_alias=validation_alias,
        serialization_alias=serialization_alias,
        title=title,
        field_title_generator=field_title_generator,
        description=description,
        examples=examples,
        exclude=exclude,
        discriminator=discriminator,
        deprecated=deprecated,
        json_schema_extra=json_schema_extra,
        frozen=frozen,
        pattern=pattern,
        validate_default=validate_default,
        repr=repr,
        init=init,
        init_var=init_var,
        kw_only=kw_only,
        coerce_numbers_to_str=coerce_numbers_to_str,
        strict=strict,
        gt=gt,
        ge=ge,
        lt=lt,
        le=le,
        multiple_of=multiple_of,
        min_length=min_length,
        max_length=max_length,
        allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan,
        max_digits=max_digits,
        decimal_places=decimal_places,
        union_mode=union_mode,
        fail_fast=fail_fast,
    )

Usage docs: https://docs.pydantic.dev/2.10/concepts/fields

Create a field for objects that can be configured.

Used to provide extra information about a field, either for the model schema or complex validation. Some arguments apply only to number fields (int, float, Decimal) and some apply only to str.

Note

Any _Unset objects will be replaced by the corresponding value defined in the _DefaultValues dictionary. If a key for the _Unset object is not found in the _DefaultValues dictionary, it will default to None

Args

default: Default value if the field is not set.
default_factory: A callable to generate the default value. The callable can either take 0 arguments (in which case it is called as is) or a single argument containing the already validated data.
alias: The name to use for the attribute when validating or serializing by alias. This is often used for things like converting between snake and camel case.
alias_priority: Priority of the alias. This affects whether an alias generator is used.
validation_alias: Like alias, but only affects validation, not serialization.
serialization_alias: Like alias, but only affects serialization, not validation.
title: Human-readable title.
field_title_generator: A callable that takes a field name and returns title for it.
description: Human-readable description.
examples: Example values for this field.
exclude: Whether to exclude the field from the model serialization.
discriminator: Field name or Discriminator for discriminating the type in a tagged union.
deprecated: A deprecation message, an instance of warnings.deprecated or the typing_extensions.deprecated backport, or a boolean. If True, a default deprecation message will be emitted when accessing the field.
json_schema_extra: A dict or callable to provide extra JSON schema properties.
frozen: Whether the field is frozen. If true, attempts to change the value on an instance will raise an error.
validate_default: If True, apply validation to the default value every time you create an instance. Otherwise, for performance reasons, the default value of the field is trusted and not validated.
repr: A boolean indicating whether to include the field in the __repr__ output.
init: Whether the field should be included in the constructor of the dataclass. (Only applies to dataclasses.)
init_var: Whether the field should only be included in the constructor of the dataclass. (Only applies to dataclasses.)
kw_only: Whether the field should be a keyword-only argument in the constructor of the dataclass. (Only applies to dataclasses.)
coerce_numbers_to_str: Whether to enable coercion of any Number type to str (not applicable in strict mode).
strict: If True, strict validation is applied to the field. See Strict Mode for details.
gt: Greater than. If set, value must be greater than this. Only applicable to numbers.
ge: Greater than or equal. If set, value must be greater than or equal to this. Only applicable to numbers.
lt: Less than. If set, value must be less than this. Only applicable to numbers.
le: Less than or equal. If set, value must be less than or equal to this. Only applicable to numbers.
multiple_of: Value must be a multiple of this. Only applicable to numbers.
min_length: Minimum length for iterables.
max_length: Maximum length for iterables.
pattern: Pattern for strings (a regular expression).
allow_inf_nan: Allow inf, -inf, nan. Only applicable to numbers.
max_digits: Maximum number of allow digits for strings.
decimal_places: Maximum number of decimal places allowed for numbers.
union_mode: The strategy to apply when validating a union. Can be smart (the default), or left_to_right. See Union Mode for details.
fail_fast: If True, validation will stop on the first error. If False, all validation errors will be collected. This option can be applied only to iterable types (list, tuple, set, and frozenset).
extra: (Deprecated) Extra fields that will be included in the JSON schema.

Warning

The extra kwargs is deprecated. Use json_schema_extra instead.

Returns

A new [FieldInfo][pydantic.fields.FieldInfo]. The return annotation is Any so Field() can be used on type-annotated fields without causing a type error.

def event_parser(handler: Callable[..., EventParserReturnType], event: dict[str, Any], context: LambdaContext, model: type[T] | None = None, envelope: type[Envelope] | None = None, **kwargs: Any) ‑> EventParserReturnType

Expand source code

@lambda_handler_decorator
def event_parser(
    handler: Callable[..., EventParserReturnType],
    event: dict[str, Any],
    context: LambdaContext,
    model: type[T] | None = None,
    envelope: type[Envelope] | None = None,
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> EventParserReturnType:
    """Lambda handler decorator to parse & validate events using Pydantic models

    It requires a model that implements Pydantic BaseModel to parse & validate the event.

    When an envelope is given, it'll use the following logic:

    1. Parse the event against the envelope model first e.g. EnvelopeModel(**event)
    2. Envelope will extract a given key to be parsed against the model e.g. event.detail

    This is useful when you need to confirm event wrapper structure, and
    b) selectively extract a portion of your payload for parsing & validation.

    NOTE: If envelope is omitted, the complete event is parsed to match the model parameter definition.

    Example
    -------
    **Lambda handler decorator to parse & validate event**

        class Order(BaseModel):
            id: int
            description: str
            ...

        @event_parser(model=Order)
        def handler(event: Order, context: LambdaContext):
            ...

    **Lambda handler decorator to parse & validate event - using built-in envelope**

        class Order(BaseModel):
            id: int
            description: str
            ...

        @event_parser(model=Order, envelope=envelopes.EVENTBRIDGE)
        def handler(event: Order, context: LambdaContext):
            ...

    Parameters
    ----------
    handler:  Callable
        Method to annotate on
    event:    dict
        Lambda event to be parsed & validated
    context:  LambdaContext
        Lambda context object
    model:   type[T] | None
        Your data model that will replace the event.
    envelope: Envelope
        Optional envelope to extract the model from

    Raises
    ------
    ValidationError
        When input event does not conform with the provided model
    InvalidModelTypeError
        When the model given does not implement BaseModel, is not provided
    InvalidEnvelopeError
        When envelope given does not implement BaseEnvelope
    """

    if model is None:
        # The first parameter of a Lambda function is always the event.
        # Get the first parameter's type by using typing.get_type_hints.
        type_hints = typing.get_type_hints(handler)
        if type_hints:
            model = list(type_hints.values())[0]
        if model is None:
            raise InvalidModelTypeError(
                "The model must be provided either as the `model` argument to `event_parser`"
                "or as the type hint of `event` in the handler that it wraps",
            )

    if envelope:
        parsed_event = parse(event=event, model=model, envelope=envelope)
    else:
        parsed_event = parse(event=event, model=model)

    logger.debug(f"Calling handler {handler.__name__}")
    return handler(parsed_event, context, **kwargs)

Lambda handler decorator to parse & validate events using Pydantic models

It requires a model that implements Pydantic BaseModel to parse & validate the event.

When an envelope is given, it'll use the following logic:

Parse the event against the envelope model first e.g. EnvelopeModel(**event)
Envelope will extract a given key to be parsed against the model e.g. event.detail

This is useful when you need to confirm event wrapper structure, and b) selectively extract a portion of your payload for parsing & validation.

NOTE: If envelope is omitted, the complete event is parsed to match the model parameter definition.

Example

Lambda handler decorator to parse & validate event

class Order(BaseModel):
    id: int
    description: str
    ...

@event_parser(model=Order)
def handler(event: Order, context: LambdaContext):
    ...

Lambda handler decorator to parse & validate event - using built-in envelope

class Order(BaseModel):
    id: int
    description: str
    ...

@event_parser(model=Order, envelope=envelopes.EVENTBRIDGE)
def handler(event: Order, context: LambdaContext):
    ...

Parameters

handler : Callable: Method to annotate on
event : dict: Lambda event to be parsed & validated
context : LambdaContext: Lambda context object
model : type[T] | None: Your data model that will replace the event.
envelope : Envelope: Optional envelope to extract the model from

Raises

ValidationError: When input event does not conform with the provided model
InvalidModelTypeError: When the model given does not implement BaseModel, is not provided
InvalidEnvelopeError: When envelope given does not implement BaseEnvelope

def field_validator(field: str, /, *fields: str, mode: FieldValidatorModes = 'after', check_fields: bool | None = None, json_schema_input_type: Any = PydanticUndefined) ‑> Callable[[Any], Any]

Expand source code

def field_validator(
    field: str,
    /,
    *fields: str,
    mode: FieldValidatorModes = 'after',
    check_fields: bool | None = None,
    json_schema_input_type: Any = PydanticUndefined,
) -> Callable[[Any], Any]:
    """Usage docs: https://docs.pydantic.dev/2.10/concepts/validators/#field-validators

    Decorate methods on the class indicating that they should be used to validate fields.

    Example usage:
    ```python
    from typing import Any

    from pydantic import (
        BaseModel,
        ValidationError,
        field_validator,
    )

    class Model(BaseModel):
        a: str

        @field_validator('a')
        @classmethod
        def ensure_foobar(cls, v: Any):
            if 'foobar' not in v:
                raise ValueError('"foobar" not found in a')
            return v

    print(repr(Model(a='this is foobar good')))
    #> Model(a='this is foobar good')

    try:
        Model(a='snap')
    except ValidationError as exc_info:
        print(exc_info)
        '''
        1 validation error for Model
        a
          Value error, "foobar" not found in a [type=value_error, input_value='snap', input_type=str]
        '''
    ```

    For more in depth examples, see [Field Validators](../concepts/validators.md#field-validators).

    Args:
        field: The first field the `field_validator` should be called on; this is separate
            from `fields` to ensure an error is raised if you don't pass at least one.
        *fields: Additional field(s) the `field_validator` should be called on.
        mode: Specifies whether to validate the fields before or after validation.
        check_fields: Whether to check that the fields actually exist on the model.
        json_schema_input_type: The input type of the function. This is only used to generate
            the appropriate JSON Schema (in validation mode) and can only specified
            when `mode` is either `'before'`, `'plain'` or `'wrap'`.

    Returns:
        A decorator that can be used to decorate a function to be used as a field_validator.

    Raises:
        PydanticUserError:
            - If `@field_validator` is used bare (with no fields).
            - If the args passed to `@field_validator` as fields are not strings.
            - If `@field_validator` applied to instance methods.
    """
    if isinstance(field, FunctionType):
        raise PydanticUserError(
            '`@field_validator` should be used with fields and keyword arguments, not bare. '
            "E.g. usage should be `@validator('<field_name>', ...)`",
            code='validator-no-fields',
        )

    if mode not in ('before', 'plain', 'wrap') and json_schema_input_type is not PydanticUndefined:
        raise PydanticUserError(
            f"`json_schema_input_type` can't be used when mode is set to {mode!r}",
            code='validator-input-type',
        )

    if json_schema_input_type is PydanticUndefined and mode == 'plain':
        json_schema_input_type = Any

    fields = field, *fields
    if not all(isinstance(field, str) for field in fields):
        raise PydanticUserError(
            '`@field_validator` fields should be passed as separate string args. '
            "E.g. usage should be `@validator('<field_name_1>', '<field_name_2>', ...)`",
            code='validator-invalid-fields',
        )

    def dec(
        f: Callable[..., Any] | staticmethod[Any, Any] | classmethod[Any, Any, Any],
    ) -> _decorators.PydanticDescriptorProxy[Any]:
        if _decorators.is_instance_method_from_sig(f):
            raise PydanticUserError(
                '`@field_validator` cannot be applied to instance methods', code='validator-instance-method'
            )

        # auto apply the @classmethod decorator
        f = _decorators.ensure_classmethod_based_on_signature(f)

        dec_info = _decorators.FieldValidatorDecoratorInfo(
            fields=fields, mode=mode, check_fields=check_fields, json_schema_input_type=json_schema_input_type
        )
        return _decorators.PydanticDescriptorProxy(f, dec_info)

    return dec

Usage docs: https://docs.pydantic.dev/2.10/concepts/validators/#field-validators

Decorate methods on the class indicating that they should be used to validate fields.

Example usage:

from typing import Any

from pydantic import (
    BaseModel,
    ValidationError,
    field_validator,
)

class Model(BaseModel):
    a: str

    @field_validator('a')
    @classmethod
    def ensure_foobar(cls, v: Any):
        if 'foobar' not in v:
            raise ValueError('"foobar" not found in a')
        return v

print(repr(Model(a='this is foobar good')))
#> Model(a='this is foobar good')

try:
    Model(a='snap')
except ValidationError as exc_info:
    print(exc_info)
    '''
    1 validation error for Model
    a
      Value error, "foobar" not found in a [type=value_error, input_value='snap', input_type=str]
    '''

For more in depth examples, see Field Validators.

Args

field: The first field the field_validator() should be called on; this is separate from fields to ensure an error is raised if you don't pass at least one.
*fields: Additional field(s) the field_validator() should be called on.
mode: Specifies whether to validate the fields before or after validation.
check_fields: Whether to check that the fields actually exist on the model.
json_schema_input_type: The input type of the function. This is only used to generate the appropriate JSON Schema (in validation mode) and can only specified when mode is either 'before', 'plain' or 'wrap'.

Returns

A decorator that can be used to decorate a function to be used as a field_validator.

Raises

PydanticUserError: - If @field_validator is used bare (with no fields). - If the args passed to @field_validator as fields are not strings. - If @field_validator applied to instance methods.

def model_validator(*, mode: "Literal['wrap', 'before', 'after']") ‑> Any

Expand source code

def model_validator(
    *,
    mode: Literal['wrap', 'before', 'after'],
) -> Any:
    """Usage docs: https://docs.pydantic.dev/2.10/concepts/validators/#model-validators

    Decorate model methods for validation purposes.

    Example usage:
    ```python
    from typing_extensions import Self

    from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError, model_validator

    class Square(BaseModel):
        width: float
        height: float

        @model_validator(mode='after')
        def verify_square(self) -> Self:
            if self.width != self.height:
                raise ValueError('width and height do not match')
            return self

    s = Square(width=1, height=1)
    print(repr(s))
    #> Square(width=1.0, height=1.0)

    try:
        Square(width=1, height=2)
    except ValidationError as e:
        print(e)
        '''
        1 validation error for Square
          Value error, width and height do not match [type=value_error, input_value={'width': 1, 'height': 2}, input_type=dict]
        '''
    ```

    For more in depth examples, see [Model Validators](../concepts/validators.md#model-validators).

    Args:
        mode: A required string literal that specifies the validation mode.
            It can be one of the following: 'wrap', 'before', or 'after'.

    Returns:
        A decorator that can be used to decorate a function to be used as a model validator.
    """

    def dec(f: Any) -> _decorators.PydanticDescriptorProxy[Any]:
        # auto apply the @classmethod decorator
        f = _decorators.ensure_classmethod_based_on_signature(f)
        dec_info = _decorators.ModelValidatorDecoratorInfo(mode=mode)
        return _decorators.PydanticDescriptorProxy(f, dec_info)

    return dec

Usage docs: https://docs.pydantic.dev/2.10/concepts/validators/#model-validators

Decorate model methods for validation purposes.

Example usage:

from typing_extensions import Self

from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError, model_validator

class Square(BaseModel):
    width: float
    height: float

    @model_validator(mode='after')
    def verify_square(self) -> Self:
        if self.width != self.height:
            raise ValueError('width and height do not match')
        return self

s = Square(width=1, height=1)
print(repr(s))
#> Square(width=1.0, height=1.0)

try:
    Square(width=1, height=2)
except ValidationError as e:
    print(e)
    '''
    1 validation error for Square
      Value error, width and height do not match [type=value_error, input_value={'width': 1, 'height': 2}, input_type=dict]
    '''

For more in depth examples, see Model Validators.

Args

mode: A required string literal that specifies the validation mode. It can be one of the following: 'wrap', 'before', or 'after'.

Returns

A decorator that can be used to decorate a function to be used as a model validator.

def parse(event: dict[str, Any], model: type[T], envelope: type[Envelope] | None = None)

Expand source code

def parse(event: dict[str, Any], model: type[T], envelope: type[Envelope] | None = None):
    """Standalone function to parse & validate events using Pydantic models

    Typically used when you need fine-grained control over error handling compared to event_parser decorator.

    Example
    -------

    **Lambda handler decorator to parse & validate event**

        from aws_lambda_powertools.utilities.parser import ValidationError

        class Order(BaseModel):
            id: int
            description: str
            ...

        def handler(event: Order, context: LambdaContext):
            try:
                parse(model=Order)
            except ValidationError:
                ...

    **Lambda handler decorator to parse & validate event - using built-in envelope**

        class Order(BaseModel):
            id: int
            description: str
            ...

        def handler(event: Order, context: LambdaContext):
            try:
                parse(model=Order, envelope=envelopes.EVENTBRIDGE)
            except ValidationError:
                ...

    Parameters
    ----------
    event:    dict
        Lambda event to be parsed & validated
    model:   Model
        Your data model that will replace the event
    envelope: Envelope
        Optional envelope to extract the model from

    Raises
    ------
    ValidationError
        When input event does not conform with model provided
    InvalidModelTypeError
        When model given does not implement BaseModel
    InvalidEnvelopeError
        When envelope given does not implement BaseEnvelope
    """
    if envelope and callable(envelope):
        try:
            logger.debug(f"Parsing and validating event model with envelope={envelope}")
            return envelope().parse(data=event, model=model)
        except AttributeError as exc:
            raise InvalidEnvelopeError(
                f"Error: {str(exc)}. Please ensure that both the Input model and the Envelope inherits from BaseModel,\n"  # noqa E501
                "and your payload adheres to the specified Input model structure.\n"
                f"Envelope={envelope}\nModel={model}",
            ) from exc

    try:
        adapter = _retrieve_or_set_model_from_cache(model=model)

        logger.debug("Parsing and validating event model; no envelope used")

        return _parse_and_validate_event(data=event, adapter=adapter)

    # Pydantic raises PydanticSchemaGenerationError when the model is not a Pydantic model
    # This is seen in the tests where we pass a non-Pydantic model type to the parser or
    # when we pass a data structure that does not match the model (trying to parse a true/false/etc into a model)
    except PydanticSchemaGenerationError as exc:
        raise InvalidModelTypeError(f"The event supplied is unable to be validated into {type(model)}") from exc
    except AttributeError as exc:
        raise InvalidModelTypeError(
            f"Error: {str(exc)}. Please ensure the Input model inherits from BaseModel,\n"
            "and your payload adheres to the specified Input model structure.\n"
            f"Model={model}",
        ) from exc

Standalone function to parse & validate events using Pydantic models

Typically used when you need fine-grained control over error handling compared to event_parser decorator.

Example

Lambda handler decorator to parse & validate event

from aws_lambda_powertools.utilities.parser import ValidationError

class Order(BaseModel):
    id: int
    description: str
    ...

def handler(event: Order, context: LambdaContext):
    try:
        parse(model=Order)
    except ValidationError:
        ...

Lambda handler decorator to parse & validate event - using built-in envelope

class Order(BaseModel):
    id: int
    description: str
    ...

def handler(event: Order, context: LambdaContext):
    try:
        parse(model=Order, envelope=envelopes.EVENTBRIDGE)
    except ValidationError:
        ...

Parameters

event : dict: Lambda event to be parsed & validated
model : Model: Your data model that will replace the event
envelope : Envelope: Optional envelope to extract the model from

Raises

ValidationError: When input event does not conform with model provided
InvalidModelTypeError: When model given does not implement BaseModel
InvalidEnvelopeError: When envelope given does not implement BaseEnvelope

Classes

class BaseEnvelope

Expand source code

class BaseEnvelope(ABC):
    """ABC implementation for creating a supported Envelope"""

    @staticmethod
    def _parse(data: dict[str, Any] | Any | None, model: type[T]) -> T | None:
        """Parses envelope data against model provided

        Parameters
        ----------
        data : dict
            Data to be parsed and validated
        model : type[T]
            Data model to parse and validate data against

        Returns
        -------
        Any
            Parsed data
        """
        if data is None:
            logger.debug("Skipping parsing as event is None")
            return data

        adapter = _retrieve_or_set_model_from_cache(model=model)

        logger.debug("parsing event against model")
        return _parse_and_validate_event(data=data, adapter=adapter)

    @abstractmethod
    def parse(self, data: dict[str, Any] | Any | None, model: type[T]):
        """Implementation to parse data against envelope model, then against the data model

        NOTE: Call `_parse` method to fully parse data with model provided.

        Example
        -------

        **EventBridge envelope implementation example**

        def parse(...):
            # 1. parses data against envelope model
            parsed_envelope = EventBridgeModel(**data)

            # 2. parses portion of data within the envelope against model
            return self._parse(data=parsed_envelope.detail, model=data_model)
        """
        return NotImplemented  # pragma: no cover

ABC implementation for creating a supported Envelope

Ancestors

abc.ABC

Subclasses

Methods

def parse(self, data: dict[str, Any] | Any | None, model: type[T])

Expand source code

@abstractmethod
def parse(self, data: dict[str, Any] | Any | None, model: type[T]):
    """Implementation to parse data against envelope model, then against the data model

    NOTE: Call `_parse` method to fully parse data with model provided.

    Example
    -------

    **EventBridge envelope implementation example**

    def parse(...):
        # 1. parses data against envelope model
        parsed_envelope = EventBridgeModel(**data)

        # 2. parses portion of data within the envelope against model
        return self._parse(data=parsed_envelope.detail, model=data_model)
    """
    return NotImplemented  # pragma: no cover

Implementation to parse data against envelope model, then against the data model

NOTE: Call _parse method to fully parse data with model provided.

Example

EventBridge envelope implementation example

def parse(…): # 1. parses data against envelope model parsed_envelope = EventBridgeModel(**data)

# 2. parses portion of data within the envelope against model
return self._parse(data=parsed_envelope.detail, model=data_model)

class BaseModel (**data: Any)

Expand source code

class BaseModel(metaclass=_model_construction.ModelMetaclass):
    """Usage docs: https://docs.pydantic.dev/2.10/concepts/models/

    A base class for creating Pydantic models.

    Attributes:
        __class_vars__: The names of the class variables defined on the model.
        __private_attributes__: Metadata about the private attributes of the model.
        __signature__: The synthesized `__init__` [`Signature`][inspect.Signature] of the model.

        __pydantic_complete__: Whether model building is completed, or if there are still undefined fields.
        __pydantic_core_schema__: The core schema of the model.
        __pydantic_custom_init__: Whether the model has a custom `__init__` function.
        __pydantic_decorators__: Metadata containing the decorators defined on the model.
            This replaces `Model.__validators__` and `Model.__root_validators__` from Pydantic V1.
        __pydantic_generic_metadata__: Metadata for generic models; contains data used for a similar purpose to
            __args__, __origin__, __parameters__ in typing-module generics. May eventually be replaced by these.
        __pydantic_parent_namespace__: Parent namespace of the model, used for automatic rebuilding of models.
        __pydantic_post_init__: The name of the post-init method for the model, if defined.
        __pydantic_root_model__: Whether the model is a [`RootModel`][pydantic.root_model.RootModel].
        __pydantic_serializer__: The `pydantic-core` `SchemaSerializer` used to dump instances of the model.
        __pydantic_validator__: The `pydantic-core` `SchemaValidator` used to validate instances of the model.

        __pydantic_fields__: A dictionary of field names and their corresponding [`FieldInfo`][pydantic.fields.FieldInfo] objects.
        __pydantic_computed_fields__: A dictionary of computed field names and their corresponding [`ComputedFieldInfo`][pydantic.fields.ComputedFieldInfo] objects.

        __pydantic_extra__: A dictionary containing extra values, if [`extra`][pydantic.config.ConfigDict.extra]
            is set to `'allow'`.
        __pydantic_fields_set__: The names of fields explicitly set during instantiation.
        __pydantic_private__: Values of private attributes set on the model instance.
    """

    # Note: Many of the below class vars are defined in the metaclass, but we define them here for type checking purposes.

    model_config: ClassVar[ConfigDict] = ConfigDict()
    """
    Configuration for the model, should be a dictionary conforming to [`ConfigDict`][pydantic.config.ConfigDict].
    """

    # Because `dict` is in the local namespace of the `BaseModel` class, we use `Dict` for annotations.
    # TODO v3 fallback to `dict` when the deprecated `dict` method gets removed.
    __class_vars__: ClassVar[set[str]]
    """The names of the class variables defined on the model."""

    __private_attributes__: ClassVar[Dict[str, ModelPrivateAttr]]  # noqa: UP006
    """Metadata about the private attributes of the model."""

    __signature__: ClassVar[Signature]
    """The synthesized `__init__` [`Signature`][inspect.Signature] of the model."""

    __pydantic_complete__: ClassVar[bool] = False
    """Whether model building is completed, or if there are still undefined fields."""

    __pydantic_core_schema__: ClassVar[CoreSchema]
    """The core schema of the model."""

    __pydantic_custom_init__: ClassVar[bool]
    """Whether the model has a custom `__init__` method."""

    # Must be set for `GenerateSchema.model_schema` to work for a plain `BaseModel` annotation.
    __pydantic_decorators__: ClassVar[_decorators.DecoratorInfos] = _decorators.DecoratorInfos()
    """Metadata containing the decorators defined on the model.
    This replaces `Model.__validators__` and `Model.__root_validators__` from Pydantic V1."""

    __pydantic_generic_metadata__: ClassVar[_generics.PydanticGenericMetadata]
    """Metadata for generic models; contains data used for a similar purpose to
    __args__, __origin__, __parameters__ in typing-module generics. May eventually be replaced by these."""

    __pydantic_parent_namespace__: ClassVar[Dict[str, Any] | None] = None  # noqa: UP006
    """Parent namespace of the model, used for automatic rebuilding of models."""

    __pydantic_post_init__: ClassVar[None | Literal['model_post_init']]
    """The name of the post-init method for the model, if defined."""

    __pydantic_root_model__: ClassVar[bool] = False
    """Whether the model is a [`RootModel`][pydantic.root_model.RootModel]."""

    __pydantic_serializer__: ClassVar[SchemaSerializer]
    """The `pydantic-core` `SchemaSerializer` used to dump instances of the model."""

    __pydantic_validator__: ClassVar[SchemaValidator | PluggableSchemaValidator]
    """The `pydantic-core` `SchemaValidator` used to validate instances of the model."""

    __pydantic_fields__: ClassVar[Dict[str, FieldInfo]]  # noqa: UP006
    """A dictionary of field names and their corresponding [`FieldInfo`][pydantic.fields.FieldInfo] objects.
    This replaces `Model.__fields__` from Pydantic V1.
    """

    __pydantic_computed_fields__: ClassVar[Dict[str, ComputedFieldInfo]]  # noqa: UP006
    """A dictionary of computed field names and their corresponding [`ComputedFieldInfo`][pydantic.fields.ComputedFieldInfo] objects."""

    __pydantic_extra__: dict[str, Any] | None = _model_construction.NoInitField(init=False)
    """A dictionary containing extra values, if [`extra`][pydantic.config.ConfigDict.extra] is set to `'allow'`."""

    __pydantic_fields_set__: set[str] = _model_construction.NoInitField(init=False)
    """The names of fields explicitly set during instantiation."""

    __pydantic_private__: dict[str, Any] | None = _model_construction.NoInitField(init=False)
    """Values of private attributes set on the model instance."""

    if not TYPE_CHECKING:
        # Prevent `BaseModel` from being instantiated directly
        # (defined in an `if not TYPE_CHECKING` block for clarity and to avoid type checking errors):
        __pydantic_core_schema__ = _mock_val_ser.MockCoreSchema(
            'Pydantic models should inherit from BaseModel, BaseModel cannot be instantiated directly',
            code='base-model-instantiated',
        )
        __pydantic_validator__ = _mock_val_ser.MockValSer(
            'Pydantic models should inherit from BaseModel, BaseModel cannot be instantiated directly',
            val_or_ser='validator',
            code='base-model-instantiated',
        )
        __pydantic_serializer__ = _mock_val_ser.MockValSer(
            'Pydantic models should inherit from BaseModel, BaseModel cannot be instantiated directly',
            val_or_ser='serializer',
            code='base-model-instantiated',
        )

    __slots__ = '__dict__', '__pydantic_fields_set__', '__pydantic_extra__', '__pydantic_private__'

    def __init__(self, /, **data: Any) -> None:
        """Create a new model by parsing and validating input data from keyword arguments.

        Raises [`ValidationError`][pydantic_core.ValidationError] if the input data cannot be
        validated to form a valid model.

        `self` is explicitly positional-only to allow `self` as a field name.
        """
        # `__tracebackhide__` tells pytest and some other tools to omit this function from tracebacks
        __tracebackhide__ = True
        validated_self = self.__pydantic_validator__.validate_python(data, self_instance=self)
        if self is not validated_self:
            warnings.warn(
                'A custom validator is returning a value other than `self`.\n'
                "Returning anything other than `self` from a top level model validator isn't supported when validating via `__init__`.\n"
                'See the `model_validator` docs (https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/validators/#model-validators) for more details.',
                stacklevel=2,
            )

    # The following line sets a flag that we use to determine when `__init__` gets overridden by the user
    __init__.__pydantic_base_init__ = True  # pyright: ignore[reportFunctionMemberAccess]

    if TYPE_CHECKING:
        model_fields: ClassVar[dict[str, FieldInfo]]
        model_computed_fields: ClassVar[dict[str, ComputedFieldInfo]]
    else:
        # TODO: V3 - remove `model_fields` and `model_computed_fields` properties from the `BaseModel` class - they should only
        # be accessible on the model class, not on instances. We have these purely for backwards compatibility with Pydantic <v2.10.
        # This is similar to the fact that we have __fields__ defined here (on `BaseModel`) and on `ModelMetaClass`.
        # Another problem here is that there's no great way to have class properties :(
        @property
        def model_fields(self) -> dict[str, FieldInfo]:
            """Get metadata about the fields defined on the model.

            Deprecation warning: you should be getting this information from the model class, not from an instance.
            In V3, this property will be removed from the `BaseModel` class.

            Returns:
                A mapping of field names to [`FieldInfo`][pydantic.fields.FieldInfo] objects.
            """
            # Must be set for `GenerateSchema.model_schema` to work for a plain `BaseModel` annotation, hence the default here.
            return getattr(self, '__pydantic_fields__', {})

        @property
        def model_computed_fields(self) -> dict[str, ComputedFieldInfo]:
            """Get metadata about the computed fields defined on the model.

            Deprecation warning: you should be getting this information from the model class, not from an instance.
            In V3, this property will be removed from the `BaseModel` class.

            Returns:
                A mapping of computed field names to [`ComputedFieldInfo`][pydantic.fields.ComputedFieldInfo] objects.
            """
            # Must be set for `GenerateSchema.model_schema` to work for a plain `BaseModel` annotation, hence the default here.
            return getattr(self, '__pydantic_computed_fields__', {})

    @property
    def model_extra(self) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
        """Get extra fields set during validation.

        Returns:
            A dictionary of extra fields, or `None` if `config.extra` is not set to `"allow"`.
        """
        return self.__pydantic_extra__

    @property
    def model_fields_set(self) -> set[str]:
        """Returns the set of fields that have been explicitly set on this model instance.

        Returns:
            A set of strings representing the fields that have been set,
                i.e. that were not filled from defaults.
        """
        return self.__pydantic_fields_set__

    @classmethod
    def model_construct(cls, _fields_set: set[str] | None = None, **values: Any) -> Self:  # noqa: C901
        """Creates a new instance of the `Model` class with validated data.

        Creates a new model setting `__dict__` and `__pydantic_fields_set__` from trusted or pre-validated data.
        Default values are respected, but no other validation is performed.

        !!! note
            `model_construct()` generally respects the `model_config.extra` setting on the provided model.
            That is, if `model_config.extra == 'allow'`, then all extra passed values are added to the model instance's `__dict__`
            and `__pydantic_extra__` fields. If `model_config.extra == 'ignore'` (the default), then all extra passed values are ignored.
            Because no validation is performed with a call to `model_construct()`, having `model_config.extra == 'forbid'` does not result in
            an error if extra values are passed, but they will be ignored.

        Args:
            _fields_set: A set of field names that were originally explicitly set during instantiation. If provided,
                this is directly used for the [`model_fields_set`][pydantic.BaseModel.model_fields_set] attribute.
                Otherwise, the field names from the `values` argument will be used.
            values: Trusted or pre-validated data dictionary.

        Returns:
            A new instance of the `Model` class with validated data.
        """
        m = cls.__new__(cls)
        fields_values: dict[str, Any] = {}
        fields_set = set()

        for name, field in cls.__pydantic_fields__.items():
            if field.alias is not None and field.alias in values:
                fields_values[name] = values.pop(field.alias)
                fields_set.add(name)

            if (name not in fields_set) and (field.validation_alias is not None):
                validation_aliases: list[str | AliasPath] = (
                    field.validation_alias.choices
                    if isinstance(field.validation_alias, AliasChoices)
                    else [field.validation_alias]
                )

                for alias in validation_aliases:
                    if isinstance(alias, str) and alias in values:
                        fields_values[name] = values.pop(alias)
                        fields_set.add(name)
                        break
                    elif isinstance(alias, AliasPath):
                        value = alias.search_dict_for_path(values)
                        if value is not PydanticUndefined:
                            fields_values[name] = value
                            fields_set.add(name)
                            break

            if name not in fields_set:
                if name in values:
                    fields_values[name] = values.pop(name)
                    fields_set.add(name)
                elif not field.is_required():
                    fields_values[name] = field.get_default(call_default_factory=True, validated_data=fields_values)
        if _fields_set is None:
            _fields_set = fields_set

        _extra: dict[str, Any] | None = values if cls.model_config.get('extra') == 'allow' else None
        _object_setattr(m, '__dict__', fields_values)
        _object_setattr(m, '__pydantic_fields_set__', _fields_set)
        if not cls.__pydantic_root_model__:
            _object_setattr(m, '__pydantic_extra__', _extra)

        if cls.__pydantic_post_init__:
            m.model_post_init(None)
            # update private attributes with values set
            if hasattr(m, '__pydantic_private__') and m.__pydantic_private__ is not None:
                for k, v in values.items():
                    if k in m.__private_attributes__:
                        m.__pydantic_private__[k] = v

        elif not cls.__pydantic_root_model__:
            # Note: if there are any private attributes, cls.__pydantic_post_init__ would exist
            # Since it doesn't, that means that `__pydantic_private__` should be set to None
            _object_setattr(m, '__pydantic_private__', None)

        return m

    def model_copy(self, *, update: Mapping[str, Any] | None = None, deep: bool = False) -> Self:
        """Usage docs: https://docs.pydantic.dev/2.10/concepts/serialization/#model_copy

        Returns a copy of the model.

        Args:
            update: Values to change/add in the new model. Note: the data is not validated
                before creating the new model. You should trust this data.
            deep: Set to `True` to make a deep copy of the model.

        Returns:
            New model instance.
        """
        copied = self.__deepcopy__() if deep else self.__copy__()
        if update:
            if self.model_config.get('extra') == 'allow':
                for k, v in update.items():
                    if k in self.__pydantic_fields__:
                        copied.__dict__[k] = v
                    else:
                        if copied.__pydantic_extra__ is None:
                            copied.__pydantic_extra__ = {}
                        copied.__pydantic_extra__[k] = v
            else:
                copied.__dict__.update(update)
            copied.__pydantic_fields_set__.update(update.keys())
        return copied

    def model_dump(
        self,
        *,
        mode: Literal['json', 'python'] | str = 'python',
        include: IncEx | None = None,
        exclude: IncEx | None = None,
        context: Any | None = None,
        by_alias: bool = False,
        exclude_unset: bool = False,
        exclude_defaults: bool = False,
        exclude_none: bool = False,
        round_trip: bool = False,
        warnings: bool | Literal['none', 'warn', 'error'] = True,
        serialize_as_any: bool = False,
    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
        """Usage docs: https://docs.pydantic.dev/2.10/concepts/serialization/#modelmodel_dump

        Generate a dictionary representation of the model, optionally specifying which fields to include or exclude.

        Args:
            mode: The mode in which `to_python` should run.
                If mode is 'json', the output will only contain JSON serializable types.
                If mode is 'python', the output may contain non-JSON-serializable Python objects.
            include: A set of fields to include in the output.
            exclude: A set of fields to exclude from the output.
            context: Additional context to pass to the serializer.
            by_alias: Whether to use the field's alias in the dictionary key if defined.
            exclude_unset: Whether to exclude fields that have not been explicitly set.
            exclude_defaults: Whether to exclude fields that are set to their default value.
            exclude_none: Whether to exclude fields that have a value of `None`.
            round_trip: If True, dumped values should be valid as input for non-idempotent types such as Json[T].
            warnings: How to handle serialization errors. False/"none" ignores them, True/"warn" logs errors,
                "error" raises a [`PydanticSerializationError`][pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError].
            serialize_as_any: Whether to serialize fields with duck-typing serialization behavior.

        Returns:
            A dictionary representation of the model.
        """
        return self.__pydantic_serializer__.to_python(
            self,
            mode=mode,
            by_alias=by_alias,
            include=include,
            exclude=exclude,
            context=context,
            exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
            exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
            exclude_none=exclude_none,
            round_trip=round_trip,
            warnings=warnings,
            serialize_as_any=serialize_as_any,
        )

    def model_dump_json(
        self,
        *,
        indent: int | None = None,
        include: IncEx | None = None,
        exclude: IncEx | None = None,
        context: Any | None = None,
        by_alias: bool = False,
        exclude_unset: bool = False,
        exclude_defaults: bool = False,
        exclude_none: bool = False,
        round_trip: bool = False,
        warnings: bool | Literal['none', 'warn', 'error'] = True,
        serialize_as_any: bool = False,
    ) -> str:
        """Usage docs: https://docs.pydantic.dev/2.10/concepts/serialization/#modelmodel_dump_json

        Generates a JSON representation of the model using Pydantic's `to_json` method.

        Args:
            indent: Indentation to use in the JSON output. If None is passed, the output will be compact.
            include: Field(s) to include in the JSON output.
            exclude: Field(s) to exclude from the JSON output.
            context: Additional context to pass to the serializer.
            by_alias: Whether to serialize using field aliases.
            exclude_unset: Whether to exclude fields that have not been explicitly set.
            exclude_defaults: Whether to exclude fields that are set to their default value.
            exclude_none: Whether to exclude fields that have a value of `None`.
            round_trip: If True, dumped values should be valid as input for non-idempotent types such as Json[T].
            warnings: How to handle serialization errors. False/"none" ignores them, True/"warn" logs errors,
                "error" raises a [`PydanticSerializationError`][pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError].
            serialize_as_any: Whether to serialize fields with duck-typing serialization behavior.

        Returns:
            A JSON string representation of the model.
        """
        return self.__pydantic_serializer__.to_json(
            self,
            indent=indent,
            include=include,
            exclude=exclude,
            context=context,
            by_alias=by_alias,
            exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
            exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
            exclude_none=exclude_none,
            round_trip=round_trip,
            warnings=warnings,
            serialize_as_any=serialize_as_any,
        ).decode()

    @classmethod
    def model_json_schema(
        cls,
        by_alias: bool = True,
        ref_template: str = DEFAULT_REF_TEMPLATE,
        schema_generator: type[GenerateJsonSchema] = GenerateJsonSchema,
        mode: JsonSchemaMode = 'validation',
    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
        """Generates a JSON schema for a model class.

        Args:
            by_alias: Whether to use attribute aliases or not.
            ref_template: The reference template.
            schema_generator: To override the logic used to generate the JSON schema, as a subclass of
                `GenerateJsonSchema` with your desired modifications
            mode: The mode in which to generate the schema.

        Returns:
            The JSON schema for the given model class.
        """
        return model_json_schema(
            cls, by_alias=by_alias, ref_template=ref_template, schema_generator=schema_generator, mode=mode
        )

    @classmethod
    def model_parametrized_name(cls, params: tuple[type[Any], ...]) -> str:
        """Compute the class name for parametrizations of generic classes.

        This method can be overridden to achieve a custom naming scheme for generic BaseModels.

        Args:
            params: Tuple of types of the class. Given a generic class
                `Model` with 2 type variables and a concrete model `Model[str, int]`,
                the value `(str, int)` would be passed to `params`.

        Returns:
            String representing the new class where `params` are passed to `cls` as type variables.

        Raises:
            TypeError: Raised when trying to generate concrete names for non-generic models.
        """
        if not issubclass(cls, typing.Generic):
            raise TypeError('Concrete names should only be generated for generic models.')

        # Any strings received should represent forward references, so we handle them specially below.
        # If we eventually move toward wrapping them in a ForwardRef in __class_getitem__ in the future,
        # we may be able to remove this special case.
        param_names = [param if isinstance(param, str) else _repr.display_as_type(param) for param in params]
        params_component = ', '.join(param_names)
        return f'{cls.__name__}[{params_component}]'

    def model_post_init(self, __context: Any) -> None:
        """Override this method to perform additional initialization after `__init__` and `model_construct`.
        This is useful if you want to do some validation that requires the entire model to be initialized.
        """
        pass

    @classmethod
    def model_rebuild(
        cls,
        *,
        force: bool = False,
        raise_errors: bool = True,
        _parent_namespace_depth: int = 2,
        _types_namespace: MappingNamespace | None = None,
    ) -> bool | None:
        """Try to rebuild the pydantic-core schema for the model.

        This may be necessary when one of the annotations is a ForwardRef which could not be resolved during
        the initial attempt to build the schema, and automatic rebuilding fails.

        Args:
            force: Whether to force the rebuilding of the model schema, defaults to `False`.
            raise_errors: Whether to raise errors, defaults to `True`.
            _parent_namespace_depth: The depth level of the parent namespace, defaults to 2.
            _types_namespace: The types namespace, defaults to `None`.

        Returns:
            Returns `None` if the schema is already "complete" and rebuilding was not required.
            If rebuilding _was_ required, returns `True` if rebuilding was successful, otherwise `False`.
        """
        if not force and cls.__pydantic_complete__:
            return None

        if '__pydantic_core_schema__' in cls.__dict__:
            delattr(cls, '__pydantic_core_schema__')  # delete cached value to ensure full rebuild happens

        if _types_namespace is not None:
            rebuild_ns = _types_namespace
        elif _parent_namespace_depth > 0:
            rebuild_ns = _typing_extra.parent_frame_namespace(parent_depth=_parent_namespace_depth, force=True) or {}
        else:
            rebuild_ns = {}

        parent_ns = _model_construction.unpack_lenient_weakvaluedict(cls.__pydantic_parent_namespace__) or {}

        ns_resolver = _namespace_utils.NsResolver(
            parent_namespace={**rebuild_ns, **parent_ns},
        )

        # manually override defer_build so complete_model_class doesn't skip building the model again
        config = {**cls.model_config, 'defer_build': False}
        return _model_construction.complete_model_class(
            cls,
            cls.__name__,
            _config.ConfigWrapper(config, check=False),
            raise_errors=raise_errors,
            ns_resolver=ns_resolver,
        )

    @classmethod
    def model_validate(
        cls,
        obj: Any,
        *,
        strict: bool | None = None,
        from_attributes: bool | None = None,
        context: Any | None = None,
    ) -> Self:
        """Validate a pydantic model instance.

        Args:
            obj: The object to validate.
            strict: Whether to enforce types strictly.
            from_attributes: Whether to extract data from object attributes.
            context: Additional context to pass to the validator.

        Raises:
            ValidationError: If the object could not be validated.

        Returns:
            The validated model instance.
        """
        # `__tracebackhide__` tells pytest and some other tools to omit this function from tracebacks
        __tracebackhide__ = True
        return cls.__pydantic_validator__.validate_python(
            obj, strict=strict, from_attributes=from_attributes, context=context
        )

    @classmethod
    def model_validate_json(
        cls,
        json_data: str | bytes | bytearray,
        *,
        strict: bool | None = None,
        context: Any | None = None,
    ) -> Self:
        """Usage docs: https://docs.pydantic.dev/2.10/concepts/json/#json-parsing

        Validate the given JSON data against the Pydantic model.

        Args:
            json_data: The JSON data to validate.
            strict: Whether to enforce types strictly.
            context: Extra variables to pass to the validator.

        Returns:
            The validated Pydantic model.

        Raises:
            ValidationError: If `json_data` is not a JSON string or the object could not be validated.
        """
        # `__tracebackhide__` tells pytest and some other tools to omit this function from tracebacks
        __tracebackhide__ = True
        return cls.__pydantic_validator__.validate_json(json_data, strict=strict, context=context)

    @classmethod
    def model_validate_strings(
        cls,
        obj: Any,
        *,
        strict: bool | None = None,
        context: Any | None = None,
    ) -> Self:
        """Validate the given object with string data against the Pydantic model.

        Args:
            obj: The object containing string data to validate.
            strict: Whether to enforce types strictly.
            context: Extra variables to pass to the validator.

        Returns:
            The validated Pydantic model.
        """
        # `__tracebackhide__` tells pytest and some other tools to omit this function from tracebacks
        __tracebackhide__ = True
        return cls.__pydantic_validator__.validate_strings(obj, strict=strict, context=context)

    @classmethod
    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(cls, source: type[BaseModel], handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler, /) -> CoreSchema:
        """Hook into generating the model's CoreSchema.

        Args:
            source: The class we are generating a schema for.
                This will generally be the same as the `cls` argument if this is a classmethod.
            handler: A callable that calls into Pydantic's internal CoreSchema generation logic.

        Returns:
            A `pydantic-core` `CoreSchema`.
        """
        # Only use the cached value from this _exact_ class; we don't want one from a parent class
        # This is why we check `cls.__dict__` and don't use `cls.__pydantic_core_schema__` or similar.
        schema = cls.__dict__.get('__pydantic_core_schema__')
        if schema is not None and not isinstance(schema, _mock_val_ser.MockCoreSchema):
            # Due to the way generic classes are built, it's possible that an invalid schema may be temporarily
            # set on generic classes. I think we could resolve this to ensure that we get proper schema caching
            # for generics, but for simplicity for now, we just always rebuild if the class has a generic origin.
            if not cls.__pydantic_generic_metadata__['origin']:
                return cls.__pydantic_core_schema__

        return handler(source)

    @classmethod
    def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(
        cls,
        core_schema: CoreSchema,
        handler: GetJsonSchemaHandler,
        /,
    ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
        """Hook into generating the model's JSON schema.

        Args:
            core_schema: A `pydantic-core` CoreSchema.
                You can ignore this argument and call the handler with a new CoreSchema,
                wrap this CoreSchema (`{'type': 'nullable', 'schema': current_schema}`),
                or just call the handler with the original schema.
            handler: Call into Pydantic's internal JSON schema generation.
                This will raise a `pydantic.errors.PydanticInvalidForJsonSchema` if JSON schema
                generation fails.
                Since this gets called by `BaseModel.model_json_schema` you can override the
                `schema_generator` argument to that function to change JSON schema generation globally
                for a type.

        Returns:
            A JSON schema, as a Python object.
        """
        return handler(core_schema)

    @classmethod
    def __pydantic_init_subclass__(cls, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
        """This is intended to behave just like `__init_subclass__`, but is called by `ModelMetaclass`
        only after the class is actually fully initialized. In particular, attributes like `model_fields` will
        be present when this is called.

        This is necessary because `__init_subclass__` will always be called by `type.__new__`,
        and it would require a prohibitively large refactor to the `ModelMetaclass` to ensure that
        `type.__new__` was called in such a manner that the class would already be sufficiently initialized.

        This will receive the same `kwargs` that would be passed to the standard `__init_subclass__`, namely,
        any kwargs passed to the class definition that aren't used internally by pydantic.

        Args:
            **kwargs: Any keyword arguments passed to the class definition that aren't used internally
                by pydantic.
        """
        pass

    def __class_getitem__(
        cls, typevar_values: type[Any] | tuple[type[Any], ...]
    ) -> type[BaseModel] | _forward_ref.PydanticRecursiveRef:
        cached = _generics.get_cached_generic_type_early(cls, typevar_values)
        if cached is not None:
            return cached

        if cls is BaseModel:
            raise TypeError('Type parameters should be placed on typing.Generic, not BaseModel')
        if not hasattr(cls, '__parameters__'):
            raise TypeError(f'{cls} cannot be parametrized because it does not inherit from typing.Generic')
        if not cls.__pydantic_generic_metadata__['parameters'] and typing.Generic not in cls.__bases__:
            raise TypeError(f'{cls} is not a generic class')

        if not isinstance(typevar_values, tuple):
            typevar_values = (typevar_values,)
        _generics.check_parameters_count(cls, typevar_values)

        # Build map from generic typevars to passed params
        typevars_map: dict[TypeVar, type[Any]] = dict(
            zip(cls.__pydantic_generic_metadata__['parameters'], typevar_values)
        )

        if _utils.all_identical(typevars_map.keys(), typevars_map.values()) and typevars_map:
            submodel = cls  # if arguments are equal to parameters it's the same object
            _generics.set_cached_generic_type(cls, typevar_values, submodel)
        else:
            parent_args = cls.__pydantic_generic_metadata__['args']
            if not parent_args:
                args = typevar_values
            else:
                args = tuple(_generics.replace_types(arg, typevars_map) for arg in parent_args)

            origin = cls.__pydantic_generic_metadata__['origin'] or cls
            model_name = origin.model_parametrized_name(args)
            params = tuple(
                {param: None for param in _generics.iter_contained_typevars(typevars_map.values())}
            )  # use dict as ordered set

            with _generics.generic_recursion_self_type(origin, args) as maybe_self_type:
                cached = _generics.get_cached_generic_type_late(cls, typevar_values, origin, args)
                if cached is not None:
                    return cached

                if maybe_self_type is not None:
                    return maybe_self_type

                # Attempt to rebuild the origin in case new types have been defined
                try:
                    # depth 2 gets you above this __class_getitem__ call.
                    # Note that we explicitly provide the parent ns, otherwise
                    # `model_rebuild` will use the parent ns no matter if it is the ns of a module.
                    # We don't want this here, as this has unexpected effects when a model
                    # is being parametrized during a forward annotation evaluation.
                    parent_ns = _typing_extra.parent_frame_namespace(parent_depth=2) or {}
                    origin.model_rebuild(_types_namespace=parent_ns)
                except PydanticUndefinedAnnotation:
                    # It's okay if it fails, it just means there are still undefined types
                    # that could be evaluated later.
                    pass

                submodel = _generics.create_generic_submodel(model_name, origin, args, params)

                # Update cache
                _generics.set_cached_generic_type(cls, typevar_values, submodel, origin, args)

        return submodel

    def __copy__(self) -> Self:
        """Returns a shallow copy of the model."""
        cls = type(self)
        m = cls.__new__(cls)
        _object_setattr(m, '__dict__', copy(self.__dict__))
        _object_setattr(m, '__pydantic_extra__', copy(self.__pydantic_extra__))
        _object_setattr(m, '__pydantic_fields_set__', copy(self.__pydantic_fields_set__))

        if not hasattr(self, '__pydantic_private__') or self.__pydantic_private__ is None:
            _object_setattr(m, '__pydantic_private__', None)
        else:
            _object_setattr(
                m,
                '__pydantic_private__',
                {k: v for k, v in self.__pydantic_private__.items() if v is not PydanticUndefined},
            )

        return m

    def __deepcopy__(self, memo: dict[int, Any] | None = None) -> Self:
        """Returns a deep copy of the model."""
        cls = type(self)
        m = cls.__new__(cls)
        _object_setattr(m, '__dict__', deepcopy(self.__dict__, memo=memo))
        _object_setattr(m, '__pydantic_extra__', deepcopy(self.__pydantic_extra__, memo=memo))
        # This next line doesn't need a deepcopy because __pydantic_fields_set__ is a set[str],
        # and attempting a deepcopy would be marginally slower.
        _object_setattr(m, '__pydantic_fields_set__', copy(self.__pydantic_fields_set__))

        if not hasattr(self, '__pydantic_private__') or self.__pydantic_private__ is None:
            _object_setattr(m, '__pydantic_private__', None)
        else:
            _object_setattr(
                m,
                '__pydantic_private__',
                deepcopy({k: v for k, v in self.__pydantic_private__.items() if v is not PydanticUndefined}, memo=memo),
            )

        return m

    if not TYPE_CHECKING:
        # We put `__getattr__` in a non-TYPE_CHECKING block because otherwise, mypy allows arbitrary attribute access
        # The same goes for __setattr__ and __delattr__, see: https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/8643

        def __getattr__(self, item: str) -> Any:
            private_attributes = object.__getattribute__(self, '__private_attributes__')
            if item in private_attributes:
                attribute = private_attributes[item]
                if hasattr(attribute, '__get__'):
                    return attribute.__get__(self, type(self))  # type: ignore

                try:
                    # Note: self.__pydantic_private__ cannot be None if self.__private_attributes__ has items
                    return self.__pydantic_private__[item]  # type: ignore
                except KeyError as exc:
                    raise AttributeError(f'{type(self).__name__!r} object has no attribute {item!r}') from exc
            else:
                # `__pydantic_extra__` can fail to be set if the model is not yet fully initialized.
                # See `BaseModel.__repr_args__` for more details
                try:
                    pydantic_extra = object.__getattribute__(self, '__pydantic_extra__')
                except AttributeError:
                    pydantic_extra = None

                if pydantic_extra:
                    try:
                        return pydantic_extra[item]
                    except KeyError as exc:
                        raise AttributeError(f'{type(self).__name__!r} object has no attribute {item!r}') from exc
                else:
                    if hasattr(self.__class__, item):
                        return super().__getattribute__(item)  # Raises AttributeError if appropriate
                    else:
                        # this is the current error
                        raise AttributeError(f'{type(self).__name__!r} object has no attribute {item!r}')

        def __setattr__(self, name: str, value: Any) -> None:
            if name in self.__class_vars__:
                raise AttributeError(
                    f'{name!r} is a ClassVar of `{self.__class__.__name__}` and cannot be set on an instance. '
                    f'If you want to set a value on the class, use `{self.__class__.__name__}.{name} = value`.'
                )
            elif not _fields.is_valid_field_name(name):
                if self.__pydantic_private__ is None or name not in self.__private_attributes__:
                    _object_setattr(self, name, value)
                else:
                    attribute = self.__private_attributes__[name]
                    if hasattr(attribute, '__set__'):
                        attribute.__set__(self, value)  # type: ignore
                    else:
                        self.__pydantic_private__[name] = value
                return

            self._check_frozen(name, value)

            attr = getattr(self.__class__, name, None)
            # NOTE: We currently special case properties and `cached_property`, but we might need
            # to generalize this to all data/non-data descriptors at some point. For non-data descriptors
            # (such as `cached_property`), it isn't obvious though. `cached_property` caches the value
            # to the instance's `__dict__`, but other non-data descriptors might do things differently.
            if isinstance(attr, property):
                attr.__set__(self, value)
            elif isinstance(attr, cached_property):
                self.__dict__[name] = value
            elif self.model_config.get('validate_assignment', None):
                self.__pydantic_validator__.validate_assignment(self, name, value)
            elif self.model_config.get('extra') != 'allow' and name not in self.__pydantic_fields__:
                # TODO - matching error
                raise ValueError(f'"{self.__class__.__name__}" object has no field "{name}"')
            elif self.model_config.get('extra') == 'allow' and name not in self.__pydantic_fields__:
                if self.model_extra and name in self.model_extra:
                    self.__pydantic_extra__[name] = value  # type: ignore
                else:
                    try:
                        getattr(self, name)
                    except AttributeError:
                        # attribute does not already exist on instance, so put it in extra
                        self.__pydantic_extra__[name] = value  # type: ignore
                    else:
                        # attribute _does_ already exist on instance, and was not in extra, so update it
                        _object_setattr(self, name, value)
            else:
                self.__dict__[name] = value
                self.__pydantic_fields_set__.add(name)

        def __delattr__(self, item: str) -> Any:
            if item in self.__private_attributes__:
                attribute = self.__private_attributes__[item]
                if hasattr(attribute, '__delete__'):
                    attribute.__delete__(self)  # type: ignore
                    return

                try:
                    # Note: self.__pydantic_private__ cannot be None if self.__private_attributes__ has items
                    del self.__pydantic_private__[item]  # type: ignore
                    return
                except KeyError as exc:
                    raise AttributeError(f'{type(self).__name__!r} object has no attribute {item!r}') from exc

            self._check_frozen(item, None)

            if item in self.__pydantic_fields__:
                object.__delattr__(self, item)
            elif self.__pydantic_extra__ is not None and item in self.__pydantic_extra__:
                del self.__pydantic_extra__[item]
            else:
                try:
                    object.__delattr__(self, item)
                except AttributeError:
                    raise AttributeError(f'{type(self).__name__!r} object has no attribute {item!r}')

        # Because we make use of `@dataclass_transform()`, `__replace__` is already synthesized by
        # type checkers, so we define the implementation in this `if not TYPE_CHECKING:` block:
        def __replace__(self, **changes: Any) -> Self:
            return self.model_copy(update=changes)

    def _check_frozen(self, name: str, value: Any) -> None:
        if self.model_config.get('frozen', None):
            typ = 'frozen_instance'
        elif getattr(self.__pydantic_fields__.get(name), 'frozen', False):
            typ = 'frozen_field'
        else:
            return
        error: pydantic_core.InitErrorDetails = {
            'type': typ,
            'loc': (name,),
            'input': value,
        }
        raise pydantic_core.ValidationError.from_exception_data(self.__class__.__name__, [error])

    def __getstate__(self) -> dict[Any, Any]:
        private = self.__pydantic_private__
        if private:
            private = {k: v for k, v in private.items() if v is not PydanticUndefined}
        return {
            '__dict__': self.__dict__,
            '__pydantic_extra__': self.__pydantic_extra__,
            '__pydantic_fields_set__': self.__pydantic_fields_set__,
            '__pydantic_private__': private,
        }

    def __setstate__(self, state: dict[Any, Any]) -> None:
        _object_setattr(self, '__pydantic_fields_set__', state.get('__pydantic_fields_set__', {}))
        _object_setattr(self, '__pydantic_extra__', state.get('__pydantic_extra__', {}))
        _object_setattr(self, '__pydantic_private__', state.get('__pydantic_private__', {}))
        _object_setattr(self, '__dict__', state.get('__dict__', {}))

    if not TYPE_CHECKING:

        def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
            if isinstance(other, BaseModel):
                # When comparing instances of generic types for equality, as long as all field values are equal,
                # only require their generic origin types to be equal, rather than exact type equality.
                # This prevents headaches like MyGeneric(x=1) != MyGeneric[Any](x=1).
                self_type = self.__pydantic_generic_metadata__['origin'] or self.__class__
                other_type = other.__pydantic_generic_metadata__['origin'] or other.__class__

                # Perform common checks first
                if not (
                    self_type == other_type
                    and getattr(self, '__pydantic_private__', None) == getattr(other, '__pydantic_private__', None)
                    and self.__pydantic_extra__ == other.__pydantic_extra__
                ):
                    return False

                # We only want to compare pydantic fields but ignoring fields is costly.
                # We'll perform a fast check first, and fallback only when needed
                # See GH-7444 and GH-7825 for rationale and a performance benchmark

                # First, do the fast (and sometimes faulty) __dict__ comparison
                if self.__dict__ == other.__dict__:
                    # If the check above passes, then pydantic fields are equal, we can return early
                    return True

                # We don't want to trigger unnecessary costly filtering of __dict__ on all unequal objects, so we return
                # early if there are no keys to ignore (we would just return False later on anyway)
                model_fields = type(self).__pydantic_fields__.keys()
                if self.__dict__.keys() <= model_fields and other.__dict__.keys() <= model_fields:
                    return False

                # If we reach here, there are non-pydantic-fields keys, mapped to unequal values, that we need to ignore
                # Resort to costly filtering of the __dict__ objects
                # We use operator.itemgetter because it is much faster than dict comprehensions
                # NOTE: Contrary to standard python class and instances, when the Model class has a default value for an
                # attribute and the model instance doesn't have a corresponding attribute, accessing the missing attribute
                # raises an error in BaseModel.__getattr__ instead of returning the class attribute
                # So we can use operator.itemgetter() instead of operator.attrgetter()
                getter = operator.itemgetter(*model_fields) if model_fields else lambda _: _utils._SENTINEL
                try:
                    return getter(self.__dict__) == getter(other.__dict__)
                except KeyError:
                    # In rare cases (such as when using the deprecated BaseModel.copy() method),
                    # the __dict__ may not contain all model fields, which is how we can get here.
                    # getter(self.__dict__) is much faster than any 'safe' method that accounts
                    # for missing keys, and wrapping it in a `try` doesn't slow things down much
                    # in the common case.
                    self_fields_proxy = _utils.SafeGetItemProxy(self.__dict__)
                    other_fields_proxy = _utils.SafeGetItemProxy(other.__dict__)
                    return getter(self_fields_proxy) == getter(other_fields_proxy)

            # other instance is not a BaseModel
            else:
                return NotImplemented  # delegate to the other item in the comparison

    if TYPE_CHECKING:
        # We put `__init_subclass__` in a TYPE_CHECKING block because, even though we want the type-checking benefits
        # described in the signature of `__init_subclass__` below, we don't want to modify the default behavior of
        # subclass initialization.

        def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwargs: Unpack[ConfigDict]):
            """This signature is included purely to help type-checkers check arguments to class declaration, which
            provides a way to conveniently set model_config key/value pairs.

            ```python
            from pydantic import BaseModel

            class MyModel(BaseModel, extra='allow'): ...
            ```

            However, this may be deceiving, since the _actual_ calls to `__init_subclass__` will not receive any
            of the config arguments, and will only receive any keyword arguments passed during class initialization
            that are _not_ expected keys in ConfigDict. (This is due to the way `ModelMetaclass.__new__` works.)

            Args:
                **kwargs: Keyword arguments passed to the class definition, which set model_config

            Note:
                You may want to override `__pydantic_init_subclass__` instead, which behaves similarly but is called
                *after* the class is fully initialized.
            """

    def __iter__(self) -> TupleGenerator:
        """So `dict(model)` works."""
        yield from [(k, v) for (k, v) in self.__dict__.items() if not k.startswith('_')]
        extra = self.__pydantic_extra__
        if extra:
            yield from extra.items()

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        return f'{self.__repr_name__()}({self.__repr_str__(", ")})'

    def __repr_args__(self) -> _repr.ReprArgs:
        for k, v in self.__dict__.items():
            field = self.__pydantic_fields__.get(k)
            if field and field.repr:
                if v is not self:
                    yield k, v
                else:
                    yield k, self.__repr_recursion__(v)
        # `__pydantic_extra__` can fail to be set if the model is not yet fully initialized.
        # This can happen if a `ValidationError` is raised during initialization and the instance's
        # repr is generated as part of the exception handling. Therefore, we use `getattr` here
        # with a fallback, even though the type hints indicate the attribute will always be present.
        try:
            pydantic_extra = object.__getattribute__(self, '__pydantic_extra__')
        except AttributeError:
            pydantic_extra = None

        if pydantic_extra is not None:
            yield from ((k, v) for k, v in pydantic_extra.items())
        yield from ((k, getattr(self, k)) for k, v in self.__pydantic_computed_fields__.items() if v.repr)

    # take logic from `_repr.Representation` without the side effects of inheritance, see #5740
    __repr_name__ = _repr.Representation.__repr_name__
    __repr_recursion__ = _repr.Representation.__repr_recursion__
    __repr_str__ = _repr.Representation.__repr_str__
    __pretty__ = _repr.Representation.__pretty__
    __rich_repr__ = _repr.Representation.__rich_repr__

    def __str__(self) -> str:
        return self.__repr_str__(' ')

    # ##### Deprecated methods from v1 #####
    @property
    @typing_extensions.deprecated(
        'The `__fields__` attribute is deprecated, use `model_fields` instead.', category=None
    )
    def __fields__(self) -> dict[str, FieldInfo]:
        warnings.warn(
            'The `__fields__` attribute is deprecated, use `model_fields` instead.',
            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
            stacklevel=2,
        )
        return self.model_fields

    @property
    @typing_extensions.deprecated(
        'The `__fields_set__` attribute is deprecated, use `model_fields_set` instead.',
        category=None,
    )
    def __fields_set__(self) -> set[str]:
        warnings.warn(
            'The `__fields_set__` attribute is deprecated, use `model_fields_set` instead.',
            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
            stacklevel=2,
        )
        return self.__pydantic_fields_set__

    @typing_extensions.deprecated('The `dict` method is deprecated; use `model_dump` instead.', category=None)
    def dict(  # noqa: D102
        self,
        *,
        include: IncEx | None = None,
        exclude: IncEx | None = None,
        by_alias: bool = False,
        exclude_unset: bool = False,
        exclude_defaults: bool = False,
        exclude_none: bool = False,
    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:  # noqa UP006
        warnings.warn(
            'The `dict` method is deprecated; use `model_dump` instead.',
            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
            stacklevel=2,
        )
        return self.model_dump(
            include=include,
            exclude=exclude,
            by_alias=by_alias,
            exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
            exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
            exclude_none=exclude_none,
        )

    @typing_extensions.deprecated('The `json` method is deprecated; use `model_dump_json` instead.', category=None)
    def json(  # noqa: D102
        self,
        *,
        include: IncEx | None = None,
        exclude: IncEx | None = None,
        by_alias: bool = False,
        exclude_unset: bool = False,
        exclude_defaults: bool = False,
        exclude_none: bool = False,
        encoder: Callable[[Any], Any] | None = PydanticUndefined,  # type: ignore[assignment]
        models_as_dict: bool = PydanticUndefined,  # type: ignore[assignment]
        **dumps_kwargs: Any,
    ) -> str:
        warnings.warn(
            'The `json` method is deprecated; use `model_dump_json` instead.',
            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
            stacklevel=2,
        )
        if encoder is not PydanticUndefined:
            raise TypeError('The `encoder` argument is no longer supported; use field serializers instead.')
        if models_as_dict is not PydanticUndefined:
            raise TypeError('The `models_as_dict` argument is no longer supported; use a model serializer instead.')
        if dumps_kwargs:
            raise TypeError('`dumps_kwargs` keyword arguments are no longer supported.')
        return self.model_dump_json(
            include=include,
            exclude=exclude,
            by_alias=by_alias,
            exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
            exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
            exclude_none=exclude_none,
        )

    @classmethod
    @typing_extensions.deprecated('The `parse_obj` method is deprecated; use `model_validate` instead.', category=None)
    def parse_obj(cls, obj: Any) -> Self:  # noqa: D102
        warnings.warn(
            'The `parse_obj` method is deprecated; use `model_validate` instead.',
            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
            stacklevel=2,
        )
        return cls.model_validate(obj)

    @classmethod
    @typing_extensions.deprecated(
        'The `parse_raw` method is deprecated; if your data is JSON use `model_validate_json`, '
        'otherwise load the data then use `model_validate` instead.',
        category=None,
    )
    def parse_raw(  # noqa: D102
        cls,
        b: str | bytes,
        *,
        content_type: str | None = None,
        encoding: str = 'utf8',
        proto: DeprecatedParseProtocol | None = None,
        allow_pickle: bool = False,
    ) -> Self:  # pragma: no cover
        warnings.warn(
            'The `parse_raw` method is deprecated; if your data is JSON use `model_validate_json`, '
            'otherwise load the data then use `model_validate` instead.',
            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
            stacklevel=2,
        )
        from .deprecated import parse

        try:
            obj = parse.load_str_bytes(
                b,
                proto=proto,
                content_type=content_type,
                encoding=encoding,
                allow_pickle=allow_pickle,
            )
        except (ValueError, TypeError) as exc:
            import json

            # try to match V1
            if isinstance(exc, UnicodeDecodeError):
                type_str = 'value_error.unicodedecode'
            elif isinstance(exc, json.JSONDecodeError):
                type_str = 'value_error.jsondecode'
            elif isinstance(exc, ValueError):
                type_str = 'value_error'
            else:
                type_str = 'type_error'

            # ctx is missing here, but since we've added `input` to the error, we're not pretending it's the same
            error: pydantic_core.InitErrorDetails = {
                # The type: ignore on the next line is to ignore the requirement of LiteralString
                'type': pydantic_core.PydanticCustomError(type_str, str(exc)),  # type: ignore
                'loc': ('__root__',),
                'input': b,
            }
            raise pydantic_core.ValidationError.from_exception_data(cls.__name__, [error])
        return cls.model_validate(obj)

    @classmethod
    @typing_extensions.deprecated(
        'The `parse_file` method is deprecated; load the data from file, then if your data is JSON '
        'use `model_validate_json`, otherwise `model_validate` instead.',
        category=None,
    )
    def parse_file(  # noqa: D102
        cls,
        path: str | Path,
        *,
        content_type: str | None = None,
        encoding: str = 'utf8',
        proto: DeprecatedParseProtocol | None = None,
        allow_pickle: bool = False,
    ) -> Self:
        warnings.warn(
            'The `parse_file` method is deprecated; load the data from file, then if your data is JSON '
            'use `model_validate_json`, otherwise `model_validate` instead.',
            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
            stacklevel=2,
        )
        from .deprecated import parse

        obj = parse.load_file(
            path,
            proto=proto,
            content_type=content_type,
            encoding=encoding,
            allow_pickle=allow_pickle,
        )
        return cls.parse_obj(obj)

    @classmethod
    @typing_extensions.deprecated(
        'The `from_orm` method is deprecated; set '
        "`model_config['from_attributes']=True` and use `model_validate` instead.",
        category=None,
    )
    def from_orm(cls, obj: Any) -> Self:  # noqa: D102
        warnings.warn(
            'The `from_orm` method is deprecated; set '
            "`model_config['from_attributes']=True` and use `model_validate` instead.",
            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
            stacklevel=2,
        )
        if not cls.model_config.get('from_attributes', None):
            raise PydanticUserError(
                'You must set the config attribute `from_attributes=True` to use from_orm', code=None
            )
        return cls.model_validate(obj)

    @classmethod
    @typing_extensions.deprecated('The `construct` method is deprecated; use `model_construct` instead.', category=None)
    def construct(cls, _fields_set: set[str] | None = None, **values: Any) -> Self:  # noqa: D102
        warnings.warn(
            'The `construct` method is deprecated; use `model_construct` instead.',
            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
            stacklevel=2,
        )
        return cls.model_construct(_fields_set=_fields_set, **values)

    @typing_extensions.deprecated(
        'The `copy` method is deprecated; use `model_copy` instead. '
        'See the docstring of `BaseModel.copy` for details about how to handle `include` and `exclude`.',
        category=None,
    )
    def copy(
        self,
        *,
        include: AbstractSetIntStr | MappingIntStrAny | None = None,
        exclude: AbstractSetIntStr | MappingIntStrAny | None = None,
        update: Dict[str, Any] | None = None,  # noqa UP006
        deep: bool = False,
    ) -> Self:  # pragma: no cover
        """Returns a copy of the model.

        !!! warning "Deprecated"
            This method is now deprecated; use `model_copy` instead.

        If you need `include` or `exclude`, use:

        ```python {test="skip" lint="skip"}
        data = self.model_dump(include=include, exclude=exclude, round_trip=True)
        data = {**data, **(update or {})}
        copied = self.model_validate(data)
        ```

        Args:
            include: Optional set or mapping specifying which fields to include in the copied model.
            exclude: Optional set or mapping specifying which fields to exclude in the copied model.
            update: Optional dictionary of field-value pairs to override field values in the copied model.
            deep: If True, the values of fields that are Pydantic models will be deep-copied.

        Returns:
            A copy of the model with included, excluded and updated fields as specified.
        """
        warnings.warn(
            'The `copy` method is deprecated; use `model_copy` instead. '
            'See the docstring of `BaseModel.copy` for details about how to handle `include` and `exclude`.',
            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
            stacklevel=2,
        )
        from .deprecated import copy_internals

        values = dict(
            copy_internals._iter(
                self, to_dict=False, by_alias=False, include=include, exclude=exclude, exclude_unset=False
            ),
            **(update or {}),
        )
        if self.__pydantic_private__ is None:
            private = None
        else:
            private = {k: v for k, v in self.__pydantic_private__.items() if v is not PydanticUndefined}

        if self.__pydantic_extra__ is None:
            extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None
        else:
            extra = self.__pydantic_extra__.copy()
            for k in list(self.__pydantic_extra__):
                if k not in values:  # k was in the exclude
                    extra.pop(k)
            for k in list(values):
                if k in self.__pydantic_extra__:  # k must have come from extra
                    extra[k] = values.pop(k)

        # new `__pydantic_fields_set__` can have unset optional fields with a set value in `update` kwarg
        if update:
            fields_set = self.__pydantic_fields_set__ | update.keys()
        else:
            fields_set = set(self.__pydantic_fields_set__)

        # removing excluded fields from `__pydantic_fields_set__`
        if exclude:
            fields_set -= set(exclude)

        return copy_internals._copy_and_set_values(self, values, fields_set, extra, private, deep=deep)

    @classmethod
    @typing_extensions.deprecated('The `schema` method is deprecated; use `model_json_schema` instead.', category=None)
    def schema(  # noqa: D102
        cls, by_alias: bool = True, ref_template: str = DEFAULT_REF_TEMPLATE
    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:  # noqa UP006
        warnings.warn(
            'The `schema` method is deprecated; use `model_json_schema` instead.',
            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
            stacklevel=2,
        )
        return cls.model_json_schema(by_alias=by_alias, ref_template=ref_template)

    @classmethod
    @typing_extensions.deprecated(
        'The `schema_json` method is deprecated; use `model_json_schema` and json.dumps instead.',
        category=None,
    )
    def schema_json(  # noqa: D102
        cls, *, by_alias: bool = True, ref_template: str = DEFAULT_REF_TEMPLATE, **dumps_kwargs: Any
    ) -> str:  # pragma: no cover
        warnings.warn(
            'The `schema_json` method is deprecated; use `model_json_schema` and json.dumps instead.',
            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
            stacklevel=2,
        )
        import json

        from .deprecated.json import pydantic_encoder

        return json.dumps(
            cls.model_json_schema(by_alias=by_alias, ref_template=ref_template),
            default=pydantic_encoder,
            **dumps_kwargs,
        )

    @classmethod
    @typing_extensions.deprecated('The `validate` method is deprecated; use `model_validate` instead.', category=None)
    def validate(cls, value: Any) -> Self:  # noqa: D102
        warnings.warn(
            'The `validate` method is deprecated; use `model_validate` instead.',
            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
            stacklevel=2,
        )
        return cls.model_validate(value)

    @classmethod
    @typing_extensions.deprecated(
        'The `update_forward_refs` method is deprecated; use `model_rebuild` instead.',
        category=None,
    )
    def update_forward_refs(cls, **localns: Any) -> None:  # noqa: D102
        warnings.warn(
            'The `update_forward_refs` method is deprecated; use `model_rebuild` instead.',
            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
            stacklevel=2,
        )
        if localns:  # pragma: no cover
            raise TypeError('`localns` arguments are not longer accepted.')
        cls.model_rebuild(force=True)

    @typing_extensions.deprecated(
        'The private method `_iter` will be removed and should no longer be used.', category=None
    )
    def _iter(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
        warnings.warn(
            'The private method `_iter` will be removed and should no longer be used.',
            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
            stacklevel=2,
        )
        from .deprecated import copy_internals

        return copy_internals._iter(self, *args, **kwargs)

    @typing_extensions.deprecated(
        'The private method `_copy_and_set_values` will be removed and should no longer be used.',
        category=None,
    )
    def _copy_and_set_values(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
        warnings.warn(
            'The private method `_copy_and_set_values` will be removed and should no longer be used.',
            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
            stacklevel=2,
        )
        from .deprecated import copy_internals

        return copy_internals._copy_and_set_values(self, *args, **kwargs)

    @classmethod
    @typing_extensions.deprecated(
        'The private method `_get_value` will be removed and should no longer be used.',
        category=None,
    )
    def _get_value(cls, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
        warnings.warn(
            'The private method `_get_value` will be removed and should no longer be used.',
            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
            stacklevel=2,
        )
        from .deprecated import copy_internals

        return copy_internals._get_value(cls, *args, **kwargs)

    @typing_extensions.deprecated(
        'The private method `_calculate_keys` will be removed and should no longer be used.',
        category=None,
    )
    def _calculate_keys(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
        warnings.warn(
            'The private method `_calculate_keys` will be removed and should no longer be used.',
            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
            stacklevel=2,
        )
        from .deprecated import copy_internals

        return copy_internals._calculate_keys(self, *args, **kwargs)

Usage docs: https://docs.pydantic.dev/2.10/concepts/models/

A base class for creating Pydantic models.

Attributes

__class_vars__: The names of the class variables defined on the model.
__private_attributes__: Metadata about the private attributes of the model.
__signature__: The synthesized __init__ [Signature][inspect.Signature] of the model.
__pydantic_complete__: Whether model building is completed, or if there are still undefined fields.
__pydantic_core_schema__: The core schema of the model.
__pydantic_custom_init__: Whether the model has a custom __init__ function.
__pydantic_decorators__: Metadata containing the decorators defined on the model. This replaces Model.__validators__ and Model.__root_validators__ from Pydantic V1.
__pydantic_generic_metadata__: Metadata for generic models; contains data used for a similar purpose to args, origin, parameters in typing-module generics. May eventually be replaced by these.
__pydantic_parent_namespace__: Parent namespace of the model, used for automatic rebuilding of models.
__pydantic_post_init__: The name of the post-init method for the model, if defined.
__pydantic_root_model__: Whether the model is a [RootModel][pydantic.root_model.RootModel].
__pydantic_serializer__: The pydantic-core SchemaSerializer used to dump instances of the model.
__pydantic_validator__: The pydantic-core SchemaValidator used to validate instances of the model.
__pydantic_fields__: A dictionary of field names and their corresponding [FieldInfo][pydantic.fields.FieldInfo] objects.
__pydantic_computed_fields__: A dictionary of computed field names and their corresponding [ComputedFieldInfo][pydantic.fields.ComputedFieldInfo] objects.
__pydantic_extra__: A dictionary containing extra values, if [extra][pydantic.config.ConfigDict.extra] is set to 'allow'.
__pydantic_fields_set__: The names of fields explicitly set during instantiation.
__pydantic_private__: Values of private attributes set on the model instance.

Create a new model by parsing and validating input data from keyword arguments.

Raises [ValidationError][pydantic_core.ValidationError] if the input data cannot be validated to form a valid model.

self is explicitly positional-only to allow self as a field name.

Subclasses

Class variables

var model_computed_fields
var model_config: Configuration for the model, should be a dictionary conforming to [ConfigDict][pydantic.config.ConfigDict].
var model_fields

Static methods

def construct(**values: Any) ‑> Self

def from_orm(obj: Any) ‑> Self

def model_construct(**values: Any) ‑> Self

Creates a new instance of the Model class with validated data.

Creates a new model setting __dict__ and __pydantic_fields_set__ from trusted or pre-validated data. Default values are respected, but no other validation is performed.

Note

model_construct() generally respects the model_config.extra setting on the provided model. That is, if model_config.extra == 'allow', then all extra passed values are added to the model instance's __dict__ and __pydantic_extra__ fields. If model_config.extra == 'ignore' (the default), then all extra passed values are ignored. Because no validation is performed with a call to model_construct(), having model_config.extra == 'forbid' does not result in an error if extra values are passed, but they will be ignored.

Args

_fields_set: A set of field names that were originally explicitly set during instantiation. If provided, this is directly used for the [model_fields_set][pydantic.BaseModel.model_fields_set] attribute. Otherwise, the field names from the values argument will be used.
values: Trusted or pre-validated data dictionary.

Returns

A new instance of the Model class with validated data.

def model_json_schema(by_alias: bool = True, ref_template: str = '#/$defs/{model}', schema_generator: type[GenerateJsonSchema] = pydantic.json_schema.GenerateJsonSchema, mode: JsonSchemaMode = 'validation') ‑> dict[str, typing.Any]

Generates a JSON schema for a model class.

Args

by_alias: Whether to use attribute aliases or not.
ref_template: The reference template.
schema_generator: To override the logic used to generate the JSON schema, as a subclass of GenerateJsonSchema with your desired modifications
mode: The mode in which to generate the schema.

Returns

The JSON schema for the given model class.

def model_parametrized_name(params: tuple[type[Any], ...]) ‑> str

Compute the class name for parametrizations of generic classes.

This method can be overridden to achieve a custom naming scheme for generic BaseModels.

Args

params: Tuple of types of the class. Given a generic class Model with 2 type variables and a concrete model Model[str, int], the value (str, int) would be passed to params.

Returns

String representing the new class where params are passed to cls as type variables.

Raises

TypeError: Raised when trying to generate concrete names for non-generic models.

def model_rebuild(*, force: bool = False, raise_errors: bool = True)

Try to rebuild the pydantic-core schema for the model.

This may be necessary when one of the annotations is a ForwardRef which could not be resolved during the initial attempt to build the schema, and automatic rebuilding fails.

Args

force: Whether to force the rebuilding of the model schema, defaults to False.
raise_errors: Whether to raise errors, defaults to True.
_parent_namespace_depth: The depth level of the parent namespace, defaults to 2.
_types_namespace: The types namespace, defaults to None.

Returns

Returns None if the schema is already "complete" and rebuilding was not required. If rebuilding was required, returns True if rebuilding was successful, otherwise False.

def model_validate(obj: Any, *, strict: bool | None = None, from_attributes: bool | None = None, context: Any | None = None) ‑> Self

Validate a pydantic model instance.

Args

obj: The object to validate.
strict: Whether to enforce types strictly.
from_attributes: Whether to extract data from object attributes.
context: Additional context to pass to the validator.

Raises

ValidationError: If the object could not be validated.

Returns

The validated model instance.

def model_validate_json(json_data: str | bytes | bytearray, *, strict: bool | None = None, context: Any | None = None) ‑> Self

Usage docs: https://docs.pydantic.dev/2.10/concepts/json/#json-parsing

Validate the given JSON data against the Pydantic model.

Args

json_data: The JSON data to validate.
strict: Whether to enforce types strictly.
context: Extra variables to pass to the validator.

Returns

The validated Pydantic model.

Raises

ValidationError: If json_data is not a JSON string or the object could not be validated.

def model_validate_strings(obj: Any, *, strict: bool | None = None, context: Any | None = None) ‑> Self

Validate the given object with string data against the Pydantic model.

Args

obj: The object containing string data to validate.
strict: Whether to enforce types strictly.
context: Extra variables to pass to the validator.

Returns

The validated Pydantic model.

def parse_file(path: str | Path, *, content_type: str | None = None, encoding: str = 'utf8', proto: DeprecatedParseProtocol | None = None, allow_pickle: bool = False)

def parse_obj(obj: Any) ‑> Self

def parse_raw(b: str | bytes, *, content_type: str | None = None, encoding: str = 'utf8', proto: DeprecatedParseProtocol | None = None, allow_pickle: bool = False)

def schema(by_alias: bool = True, ref_template: str = '#/$defs/{model}') ‑> Dict[str, Any]

def schema_json(*, by_alias: bool = True, ref_template: str = '#/$defs/{model}', **dumps_kwargs: Any) ‑> str

def update_forward_refs(**localns: Any) ‑> None

def validate(value: Any) ‑> Self

Instance variables

prop model_extra : dict[str, Any] | None

Expand source code

@property
def model_extra(self) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
    """Get extra fields set during validation.

    Returns:
        A dictionary of extra fields, or `None` if `config.extra` is not set to `"allow"`.
    """
    return self.__pydantic_extra__

Get extra fields set during validation.

Returns

A dictionary of extra fields, or None if config.extra is not set to "allow".

prop model_fields_set : set[str]

Expand source code

@property
def model_fields_set(self) -> set[str]:
    """Returns the set of fields that have been explicitly set on this model instance.

    Returns:
        A set of strings representing the fields that have been set,
            i.e. that were not filled from defaults.
    """
    return self.__pydantic_fields_set__

Returns the set of fields that have been explicitly set on this model instance.

Returns

A set of strings representing the fields that have been set, i.e. that were not filled from defaults.

Methods

Expand source code

@typing_extensions.deprecated(
    'The `copy` method is deprecated; use `model_copy` instead. '
    'See the docstring of `BaseModel.copy` for details about how to handle `include` and `exclude`.',
    category=None,
)
def copy(
    self,
    *,
    include: AbstractSetIntStr | MappingIntStrAny | None = None,
    exclude: AbstractSetIntStr | MappingIntStrAny | None = None,
    update: Dict[str, Any] | None = None,  # noqa UP006
    deep: bool = False,
) -> Self:  # pragma: no cover
    """Returns a copy of the model.

    !!! warning "Deprecated"
        This method is now deprecated; use `model_copy` instead.

    If you need `include` or `exclude`, use:

    ```python {test="skip" lint="skip"}
    data = self.model_dump(include=include, exclude=exclude, round_trip=True)
    data = {**data, **(update or {})}
    copied = self.model_validate(data)
    ```

    Args:
        include: Optional set or mapping specifying which fields to include in the copied model.
        exclude: Optional set or mapping specifying which fields to exclude in the copied model.
        update: Optional dictionary of field-value pairs to override field values in the copied model.
        deep: If True, the values of fields that are Pydantic models will be deep-copied.

    Returns:
        A copy of the model with included, excluded and updated fields as specified.
    """
    warnings.warn(
        'The `copy` method is deprecated; use `model_copy` instead. '
        'See the docstring of `BaseModel.copy` for details about how to handle `include` and `exclude`.',
        category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
        stacklevel=2,
    )
    from .deprecated import copy_internals

    values = dict(
        copy_internals._iter(
            self, to_dict=False, by_alias=False, include=include, exclude=exclude, exclude_unset=False
        ),
        **(update or {}),
    )
    if self.__pydantic_private__ is None:
        private = None
    else:
        private = {k: v for k, v in self.__pydantic_private__.items() if v is not PydanticUndefined}

    if self.__pydantic_extra__ is None:
        extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None
    else:
        extra = self.__pydantic_extra__.copy()
        for k in list(self.__pydantic_extra__):
            if k not in values:  # k was in the exclude
                extra.pop(k)
        for k in list(values):
            if k in self.__pydantic_extra__:  # k must have come from extra
                extra[k] = values.pop(k)

    # new `__pydantic_fields_set__` can have unset optional fields with a set value in `update` kwarg
    if update:
        fields_set = self.__pydantic_fields_set__ | update.keys()
    else:
        fields_set = set(self.__pydantic_fields_set__)

    # removing excluded fields from `__pydantic_fields_set__`
    if exclude:
        fields_set -= set(exclude)

    return copy_internals._copy_and_set_values(self, values, fields_set, extra, private, deep=deep)

Returns a copy of the model.

Deprecated

This method is now deprecated; use model_copy instead.

If you need include or exclude, use:

python {test="skip" lint="skip"} data = self.model_dump(include=include, exclude=exclude, round_trip=True) data = {**data, **(update or {})} copied = self.model_validate(data)

Args

include: Optional set or mapping specifying which fields to include in the copied model.
exclude: Optional set or mapping specifying which fields to exclude in the copied model.
update: Optional dictionary of field-value pairs to override field values in the copied model.
deep: If True, the values of fields that are Pydantic models will be deep-copied.

Returns

A copy of the model with included, excluded and updated fields as specified.

def dict(self, *, include: IncEx | None = None, exclude: IncEx | None = None, by_alias: bool = False, exclude_unset: bool = False, exclude_defaults: bool = False, exclude_none: bool = False) ‑> Dict[str, Any]

Expand source code

@typing_extensions.deprecated('The `dict` method is deprecated; use `model_dump` instead.', category=None)
def dict(  # noqa: D102
    self,
    *,
    include: IncEx | None = None,
    exclude: IncEx | None = None,
    by_alias: bool = False,
    exclude_unset: bool = False,
    exclude_defaults: bool = False,
    exclude_none: bool = False,
) -> Dict[str, Any]:  # noqa UP006
    warnings.warn(
        'The `dict` method is deprecated; use `model_dump` instead.',
        category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
        stacklevel=2,
    )
    return self.model_dump(
        include=include,
        exclude=exclude,
        by_alias=by_alias,
        exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
        exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
        exclude_none=exclude_none,
    )

def json(self, *, include: IncEx | None = None, exclude: IncEx | None = None, by_alias: bool = False, exclude_unset: bool = False, exclude_defaults: bool = False, exclude_none: bool = False, encoder: Callable[[Any], Any] | None = PydanticUndefined, models_as_dict: bool = PydanticUndefined, **dumps_kwargs: Any) ‑> str

Expand source code

@typing_extensions.deprecated('The `json` method is deprecated; use `model_dump_json` instead.', category=None)
def json(  # noqa: D102
    self,
    *,
    include: IncEx | None = None,
    exclude: IncEx | None = None,
    by_alias: bool = False,
    exclude_unset: bool = False,
    exclude_defaults: bool = False,
    exclude_none: bool = False,
    encoder: Callable[[Any], Any] | None = PydanticUndefined,  # type: ignore[assignment]
    models_as_dict: bool = PydanticUndefined,  # type: ignore[assignment]
    **dumps_kwargs: Any,
) -> str:
    warnings.warn(
        'The `json` method is deprecated; use `model_dump_json` instead.',
        category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
        stacklevel=2,
    )
    if encoder is not PydanticUndefined:
        raise TypeError('The `encoder` argument is no longer supported; use field serializers instead.')
    if models_as_dict is not PydanticUndefined:
        raise TypeError('The `models_as_dict` argument is no longer supported; use a model serializer instead.')
    if dumps_kwargs:
        raise TypeError('`dumps_kwargs` keyword arguments are no longer supported.')
    return self.model_dump_json(
        include=include,
        exclude=exclude,
        by_alias=by_alias,
        exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
        exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
        exclude_none=exclude_none,
    )

def model_copy(self, *, update: Mapping[str, Any] | None = None, deep: bool = False) ‑> Self

Expand source code

def model_copy(self, *, update: Mapping[str, Any] | None = None, deep: bool = False) -> Self:
    """Usage docs: https://docs.pydantic.dev/2.10/concepts/serialization/#model_copy

    Returns a copy of the model.

    Args:
        update: Values to change/add in the new model. Note: the data is not validated
            before creating the new model. You should trust this data.
        deep: Set to `True` to make a deep copy of the model.

    Returns:
        New model instance.
    """
    copied = self.__deepcopy__() if deep else self.__copy__()
    if update:
        if self.model_config.get('extra') == 'allow':
            for k, v in update.items():
                if k in self.__pydantic_fields__:
                    copied.__dict__[k] = v
                else:
                    if copied.__pydantic_extra__ is None:
                        copied.__pydantic_extra__ = {}
                    copied.__pydantic_extra__[k] = v
        else:
            copied.__dict__.update(update)
        copied.__pydantic_fields_set__.update(update.keys())
    return copied

Usage docs: https://docs.pydantic.dev/2.10/concepts/serialization/#model_copy

Returns a copy of the model.

Args

update: Values to change/add in the new model. Note: the data is not validated before creating the new model. You should trust this data.
deep: Set to True to make a deep copy of the model.

Returns

New model instance.

def model_dump(self, *, mode: "Literal['json', 'python'] | str" = 'python', include: IncEx | None = None, exclude: IncEx | None = None, context: Any | None = None, by_alias: bool = False, exclude_unset: bool = False, exclude_defaults: bool = False, exclude_none: bool = False, round_trip: bool = False, warnings: "bool | Literal['none', 'warn', 'error']" = True, serialize_as_any: bool = False) ‑> dict[str, typing.Any]

Expand source code

def model_dump(
    self,
    *,
    mode: Literal['json', 'python'] | str = 'python',
    include: IncEx | None = None,
    exclude: IncEx | None = None,
    context: Any | None = None,
    by_alias: bool = False,
    exclude_unset: bool = False,
    exclude_defaults: bool = False,
    exclude_none: bool = False,
    round_trip: bool = False,
    warnings: bool | Literal['none', 'warn', 'error'] = True,
    serialize_as_any: bool = False,
) -> dict[str, Any]:
    """Usage docs: https://docs.pydantic.dev/2.10/concepts/serialization/#modelmodel_dump

    Generate a dictionary representation of the model, optionally specifying which fields to include or exclude.

    Args:
        mode: The mode in which `to_python` should run.
            If mode is 'json', the output will only contain JSON serializable types.
            If mode is 'python', the output may contain non-JSON-serializable Python objects.
        include: A set of fields to include in the output.
        exclude: A set of fields to exclude from the output.
        context: Additional context to pass to the serializer.
        by_alias: Whether to use the field's alias in the dictionary key if defined.
        exclude_unset: Whether to exclude fields that have not been explicitly set.
        exclude_defaults: Whether to exclude fields that are set to their default value.
        exclude_none: Whether to exclude fields that have a value of `None`.
        round_trip: If True, dumped values should be valid as input for non-idempotent types such as Json[T].
        warnings: How to handle serialization errors. False/"none" ignores them, True/"warn" logs errors,
            "error" raises a [`PydanticSerializationError`][pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError].
        serialize_as_any: Whether to serialize fields with duck-typing serialization behavior.

    Returns:
        A dictionary representation of the model.
    """
    return self.__pydantic_serializer__.to_python(
        self,
        mode=mode,
        by_alias=by_alias,
        include=include,
        exclude=exclude,
        context=context,
        exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
        exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
        exclude_none=exclude_none,
        round_trip=round_trip,
        warnings=warnings,
        serialize_as_any=serialize_as_any,
    )

Usage docs: https://docs.pydantic.dev/2.10/concepts/serialization/#modelmodel_dump

Generate a dictionary representation of the model, optionally specifying which fields to include or exclude.

Args

mode: The mode in which to_python should run. If mode is 'json', the output will only contain JSON serializable types. If mode is 'python', the output may contain non-JSON-serializable Python objects.
include: A set of fields to include in the output.
exclude: A set of fields to exclude from the output.
context: Additional context to pass to the serializer.
by_alias: Whether to use the field's alias in the dictionary key if defined.
exclude_unset: Whether to exclude fields that have not been explicitly set.
exclude_defaults: Whether to exclude fields that are set to their default value.
exclude_none: Whether to exclude fields that have a value of None.
round_trip: If True, dumped values should be valid as input for non-idempotent types such as Json[T].
warnings: How to handle serialization errors. False/"none" ignores them, True/"warn" logs errors, "error" raises a [PydanticSerializationError][pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError].
serialize_as_any: Whether to serialize fields with duck-typing serialization behavior.

Returns

A dictionary representation of the model.

def model_dump_json(self, *, indent: int | None = None, include: IncEx | None = None, exclude: IncEx | None = None, context: Any | None = None, by_alias: bool = False, exclude_unset: bool = False, exclude_defaults: bool = False, exclude_none: bool = False, round_trip: bool = False, warnings: "bool | Literal['none', 'warn', 'error']" = True, serialize_as_any: bool = False) ‑> str

Expand source code

def model_dump_json(
    self,
    *,
    indent: int | None = None,
    include: IncEx | None = None,
    exclude: IncEx | None = None,
    context: Any | None = None,
    by_alias: bool = False,
    exclude_unset: bool = False,
    exclude_defaults: bool = False,
    exclude_none: bool = False,
    round_trip: bool = False,
    warnings: bool | Literal['none', 'warn', 'error'] = True,
    serialize_as_any: bool = False,
) -> str:
    """Usage docs: https://docs.pydantic.dev/2.10/concepts/serialization/#modelmodel_dump_json

    Generates a JSON representation of the model using Pydantic's `to_json` method.

    Args:
        indent: Indentation to use in the JSON output. If None is passed, the output will be compact.
        include: Field(s) to include in the JSON output.
        exclude: Field(s) to exclude from the JSON output.
        context: Additional context to pass to the serializer.
        by_alias: Whether to serialize using field aliases.
        exclude_unset: Whether to exclude fields that have not been explicitly set.
        exclude_defaults: Whether to exclude fields that are set to their default value.
        exclude_none: Whether to exclude fields that have a value of `None`.
        round_trip: If True, dumped values should be valid as input for non-idempotent types such as Json[T].
        warnings: How to handle serialization errors. False/"none" ignores them, True/"warn" logs errors,
            "error" raises a [`PydanticSerializationError`][pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError].
        serialize_as_any: Whether to serialize fields with duck-typing serialization behavior.

    Returns:
        A JSON string representation of the model.
    """
    return self.__pydantic_serializer__.to_json(
        self,
        indent=indent,
        include=include,
        exclude=exclude,
        context=context,
        by_alias=by_alias,
        exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
        exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
        exclude_none=exclude_none,
        round_trip=round_trip,
        warnings=warnings,
        serialize_as_any=serialize_as_any,
    ).decode()

Usage docs: https://docs.pydantic.dev/2.10/concepts/serialization/#modelmodel_dump_json

Generates a JSON representation of the model using Pydantic's to_json method.

Args

indent: Indentation to use in the JSON output. If None is passed, the output will be compact.
include: Field(s) to include in the JSON output.
exclude: Field(s) to exclude from the JSON output.
context: Additional context to pass to the serializer.
by_alias: Whether to serialize using field aliases.
exclude_unset: Whether to exclude fields that have not been explicitly set.
exclude_defaults: Whether to exclude fields that are set to their default value.
exclude_none: Whether to exclude fields that have a value of None.
round_trip: If True, dumped values should be valid as input for non-idempotent types such as Json[T].
warnings: How to handle serialization errors. False/"none" ignores them, True/"warn" logs errors, "error" raises a [PydanticSerializationError][pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError].
serialize_as_any: Whether to serialize fields with duck-typing serialization behavior.

Returns

A JSON string representation of the model.

def model_post_init(self, _BaseModel__context: Any) ‑> None

Expand source code

def model_post_init(self, __context: Any) -> None:
    """Override this method to perform additional initialization after `__init__` and `model_construct`.
    This is useful if you want to do some validation that requires the entire model to be initialized.
    """
    pass

Override this method to perform additional initialization after __init__ and model_construct. This is useful if you want to do some validation that requires the entire model to be initialized.

class ValidationError (*args, **kwargs)

Ancestors

builtins.ValueError
builtins.Exception
builtins.BaseException

Instance variables

var title

Methods

def error_count(self, /)
def errors(self, /, *, include_url=True, include_context=True, include_input=True)
def from_exception_data(title, line_errors, input_type='python', hide_input=False)
def json(self, /, *, indent=None, include_url=True, include_context=True, include_input=True)